Joannes Manlius

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Joannes Manlius , also Johann Manlius , Johann Mannel , Slovene Mandelz , Hungarian János Manlius (born before 1562-1604 or 1605 in Deutschkreutz ) was a traveling book printer of the early modern period. He printed both religious and secular writings and was mainly active in Slovenia and, after his expulsion, in western Hungary, especially today's Burgenland . He is considered the first and most important book printer in Burgenland.

Life

Its origin is still unclear today. It is believed that he was born in a coastal town or the Carniola . Occasionally it is said that he comes from Württemberg .

It is certain that he was in contact with Primus Truber . He is also said to have learned the printing trade in Hans Ungnad's Slovenian print shop in Urach and Tübingen . In 1562 he founded a bookshop in Ljubljana . In the same year he had probably come from Württemberg. The printing works had to be smuggled in from Germany because of the strict censorship.

The then Ljubljana preacher and Bible translator Georg Dalmatin encouraged him to found his own printing company. After this was initially forbidden, after the intervention of influential patrons, his first own print was published in 1575, the translation from Dalmatin into Slovenian "Jesus Sirach". In 1578 he printed his first newspaper with a report of the conquest of Möttling by the Turks. After Dalmatin had translated the Bible into Slovene in 1579, the following year the stalls negotiated with Manlius about the printing, and Manlius submitted a proof. Because of the prohibition of the Vice Cathedral to print without his knowledge and because it was a Slovenian-language, Protestant work, he was expelled from the hereditary lands. He received a letter of recommendation from the Krainer Landtag to the Duke of Württemberg, from which it is concluded that he originally wanted to go there. It is not exactly known why he ended up in what was then western Hungary. It is believed that he was referred there by the Graz superintendent Jeremias Homberger, who was in contact with the court preacher of the Batthyany , Stephan Beythe. This version is supported by the fact that in Güssing he first published Homberger's "Viola Martia". In the following time he changed the place more often. According to his information, he worked in Warasdin in 1586/87 and printed works in Croatian. Other places of his activity besides Güssing were Deutsch Schützen, Deutschkreutz, Eberau and Sárvár.

His date of death is unknown. He probably died in Deutschkreutz in 1604 or 1605.

plant

Manlius published both spiritual and secular writings. In the spiritual, the Reformation is in the foreground. The secular stretches of entertainment literature, the secular are newspapers according to the definition at the time, as well as the first botany to be published on what is now Austrian territory, Stirpium Nomenclator Pannonicus by Carolus Clusius. He was also active as an author, for example in the genealogy of those from the Rhine. His works are generally considered rarities, many of which are only known by their titles. It is believed that there are still a number of completely unknown works by him. The reason for this sparse tradition is persecution, as Protestant writings were often simply burned in the hereditary lands. Presumably because of this persecution, Manlius often gave different names for the same place in his works. Some manlius researchers even assume that Warasdin, Deutsch Schützen and Sárvár are purely fictitious places to deceive persecutors. During his time in Hungary he mainly used Latin as the language for religious writings. Otherwise he mainly used Hungarian, but also German.

Literature and evidence

personal data
SURNAME Manlius, Joannes
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Manlius, Johann; Mannel, Johann; Mandelz, Joannes; Manlius, János (huS)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Traveling book printer of the early modern period
DATE OF BIRTH before 1562
DATE OF DEATH 1604 or 1605
Place of death Deutschkreutz