Johan Gregor van der Schardt

Johan Gregor van der Schardt: Self-Portrait (1573)

Johan Gregor van der Schardt (* around 1530 in or near Nijmegen ; † after 1581 in Nuremberg or on November 30, 1591 in Uraniborg on Hven ) was a sculptor during the transition from the late Renaissance to Mannerism .

life and work

Schardt's training stations are believed to be in the Netherlands and Italy. In Italy he is assigned to Andrea Palladio's circle and is mentioned as a sculptor by Giorgio Vasari . In 1569 he was called to the court of Emperor Maximilian II. In the imperial city of Nuremberg he worked with Wenzel Jamnitzer on a table fountain for the court in Vienna (1571/1576), from which four caryatids have survived, which are in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna be kept. The painted terracotta busts of the Imhoff patrician couple were also made in Nuremberg in 1570 and moved from the Minutoli collection to the collection of today's Bode Museum in Berlin in the 19th century . One Mercury in bronze can be found in the Württemberg State Museum and one in the J. Paul Getty Museum . Both come from the Praun art cabinet , which includes the artist estate of van der Schardt, including around 170 terracottas. Most of these small sculptures consisted of reduced copies and partial replicas of ancient sculptures or works by Michelangelo, of which around 30 have been preserved in various museums in Europe and North America. From 1575 to 1577 Schardt worked at the Danish court in Copenhagen, where he portrayed King Frederick II and Queen Sophie . Both bronze busts were at the time of the Congress of Vienna by King Friedrich VI. acquired for the collection of the Danish kings; they can be seen today at Rosenborg Castle . Then he returned to Nuremberg; it is documented there for the last time in 1581. It is disputed whether Schardt traveled again from Nuremberg to Denmark and worked in the vicinity of the Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe , for whom the Nuremberg Georg Labenwolf made a bronze fountain. There is no documentary evidence of Schardt's presence in Denmark in the 1580s. He is said to have been involved in the decoration of Tycho Brahe's Uraniborg Castle on the island of Hven. But the remains of the building sculptures for Uraniborg, which are now in the historical collections of Lund University , do not have the level of Schardt's other works.

Several works are ascribed to Van der Schardt, including a. a crucifixion relief for the altar of the church of Kronborg Castle and a bust for that of Hans van Steenwinckel the Elder. Ä. Designed tomb of the Danish noble Imperial Councilor Anders Bing (1589) in the village church of Smedstorp in Skåne . These attributions remain questionable.

His main works also include a self-portrait in the form of a painted terracotta bust (1573) in the possession of the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam .

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  Mercury, around 1570/76, Kunsthistorisches Museum

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  Neptune, Metropolitan Museum of Art

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  Bust of Willibald Imhoff

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  Bust of Anna Imhoff, 1580, Bodemuseum

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  Bust of Johann Neudörfer the Elder J.

literature

• Rudolf Arthur Peltzer: Johann Gregor van der Schardt (Jan de Zar) from Nymwegen, a sculptor of the late Renaissance . In: Münchner Jahrbuch der bildenden Kunst , Vol. 10, 1916/18, pp. 198–216.
• Hanne Honnens de Lichtenberg: Johan Gregor van der Schardt. Sculptor with Emperor Maximilian II, at the Danish court and with Tycho Brahe. Museum Tusculanum Press, Copenhagen 1991, ISBN 87-7289-132-7 .
• Ursel Berger: Comments on the work of Johann Gregor van der Schardt on the occasion of the first monograph on the artist (Hoonens de Lichtenberg) . In: Kunstchronik 1993, pp. 361–370.
• Katrin Achilles Syndram: The art collection of Paulus Praun. The inventories from 1616 and 1719 , Nuremberg 1994, ISBN 3-925002-25-1 .
• Ursel Berger: A plastic collection with the sculptural estate of Johann Gregor van der Schardt . In: Katrin Achilles Syndram: The Art Collection of Paulus Praun , Nuremberg 1994, pp. 43–60.
• Art of collecting. The Praunsche Cabinet. Masterpieces from Dürer to Carracci , Germanisches Nationalmuseum, 1994 (exhibition catalog).
• Ursel Berger: Johann Gregor van der Schardt ca.1530 - ca.1581 . In: Antonia Boström (ed.): The Encyclopedia of Sculpture , Vol. 3, New York and London 2004, pp. 1533-1535.
• Frank Matthias Kammel :  Johan Gregor van der Schardt. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 22, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-428-11203-2 , p. 567 f. ( Digitized version ).
• Curt Wallin: Anders Bing and Anne Galt. Monument ochmänniskor från 1500-talets Skåneland. Österleniana, Ullstorp 1986.

Web links

Commons : Johan Gregor van der Schardt  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Search for van der Schardt in the SPK digital portal of the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation

Individual evidence

1. ↑ The last documentary evidence is a portrait painting by the Nuremberg painter Hans Hoffmann, dated 1581, cf. Katrin Achilles Syndram: The art collection of Paulus Praun. The inventories of 1616 and 1719 , Nuremberg 1994, p. 183, no. 36.
2. ↑ Honnens de Lichtenberg is of the opinion that van der Schardt is identical to a goldsmith named Johannes Crol or Crolius, who lived with Tycho Brahe and died on the island of Hven on November 30th, cf. Honnens de Lichtenberg (Lit), p. 24; so also NDB (lit.). This identification does not seem convincing, cf. Berger (Lit.), pp. 361-362.
3. ↑ Quoted from Getty guide ( Memento of the original dated August 12, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
4. ↑ Merkur in the Landesmuseum Württemberg, Stuttgart  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
5. ↑ Merkur in the Getty Museum, Los Angeles ( Memento of the original from May 29, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
6. ↑ Ursel Berger: A plastic collection with the sculptural estate of Johann Gregor van der Schardt . In: Katrin Achilles Syndram: The art collection of Paulus Praun. The inventories of 1616 and 1719 , Nuremberg 1994, pp. 43–60.
7. ↑ Bronze bust of Queen Sophie and bronze bust of King Friedrich II .
8. ↑ Ursel Berger: Johann Gregor van der Schardt . In: Antonia Boström (ed.): The Encyclopedia of Sculpture , Vol. 3, New York and London 2004, pp. 1533-1535.
9. ^ John Robert Christianson: Tycho Brahe. In: Carsten Bach-Nielsen (Red.): Danmark og renæssancen. 1500-1650. Gad, Copenhagen 2006, ISBN 87-12-04227-7 , pp. 174-185.
10. ^ Tomb of Anders Bing
11. ↑ Works by van der Schardt in the Rijksmuseum Amsterdam ( Memento of the original from June 9, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.