Johann Daniel Schumann

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Johann Daniel Schumann ( February 7, 1714 in Hann. Münden - March 13, 1787 in Müden (Aller) ) was a German pedagogue and Lutheran theologian who opposed Gotthold Ephraim Lessing in the fragmentary dispute .

Origin, education and family

His father, Johann Ludolf Schumann, worked as a master's degree and rector at the Mündener Stadtschule . Johann Daniel Schumann studied in Göttingen from autumn 1736 to 1744, among other theology and was at Christoph Ludwig Obbarius to Dr. phil. PhD. The dissertation dealt with the ultimate purpose of divine actions ("De Fine Actionum Dei Ultimo Et Universali").

Schumann's daughter Caroline Auguste (born around 1770) married Nicolaus Burchard Geisler, who was pastor in Bederkesa (1791–1805) and Debstedt (1805–1824).

School and church offices

Schumann taught for decades at urban schools in central and northern Germany. From 1744 he was rector of the Princely State School in Frankenhausen , from March 1748 briefly rector in Einbeck and in June of that year became director in Clausthal , where he worked for over a quarter of a century.

In 1774 he took over the position of director of the Old Town School in Hanover from Ludwig Wilhelm Ballhorn . At the celebration of his inauguration, Karl Philipp Moritz took part in the school poem presented at the same time; In addition to promoting other disadvantaged students, the teacher was particularly committed to helping poor but talented Moritz. In his novel Anton Reiser , Moritz's new director Schumann appeared as an "old man, who, however, had knowledge and taste, and was fairly free from pedantry, which is such a rare case among old school men." Both were still in school after his school days Contact, as evidenced by a letter Moritz from 1780. Schumann's ideas on schooling, which he published in the Hanoverian Magazine in 1777 , were shaped by pragmatism and tradition: "Nature does not allow a leap in any matter without severely punishing those who dare to take it." Improvements made by the "enlightened public" expect, would not be achieved by external changes, but they depend "on resources ... which Divine Providence will allow to pour out into benevolent flows if it resolves to bless the world in an excellent way." At the same time, one of the successors was in Director's office, Georg Friedrich Grotefend , in his school history, he had “lingered with preference in the efforts of Director Schumann because it shows that he did not, as earlier, teach excellently what he had a personal strength in, but what his recognized pedagogical insights as essential for the students entrusted to him. "

From 1780 until his death, Schumann was a preacher with the rank of superintendent adjunct for the inspection of Celle in Müden an der Aller.

Participation in the fragments dispute

In addition to this teaching and pastoral work, Schumann came out through occasional writings and through his participation in the fragmented dispute, which was important in intellectual history . With a paper on the evidence of evidence for the truth of the Christian religion , he stood at the side of the traditional theologians against Gotthold Ephraim Lessing's "second fragment" about the impossibility of a revelation that all people could believe in a well-founded way . The literary scholar Erich Schmidt commented polemically on Schumann's work : “Who would know a word from… Schumann… without Lessing? Well-meaning and well-behaved, broad and shallow, with unlearned tools, despite Lessing's contradictions, he takes the position that Christianity must be fully demonstrated, even for the layman. ”Lessing replied in his (anonymously published) essay On Proof of Spirit and the strength to which Schumann gave an answer in 1778 to the letter addressed to him from Braunschweig on the proof of spirit and strength . Lessing's already written reply remained unpublished; he turned to other opponents.

Publications

  • Dissertationis Philosophicae De Fine Actionum Dei Ultimo Et Universali Sectio Prior. Ad D. XIX. Sept. AOR MDCCXXXIX. Quam In Alma Georgia Augusta Pro Vindicando Loco In Amplissimo Philosophorum Ordine Benevole Sibi Concesso Publico Eruditorum Examini Submittit Praeses M. Christophorus Ludovicus Obbarius, Respondente Jo. Daniel Schumanno, Mundensi. Vandenhoeck, Göttingen 1739 (digitized version).
  • Married Fallaces. Hominvm. Spes. Miseramqve. Gavdii. Ac. Moeroris. Vicissitvdinem. Adeone. Nvlla. Inter. Mortales. Felicitas. Qvae. Non. Lvctifica. Aegritvdine. Et. Lacrvmis. Contaminetvr. Discite. Hoc. Mortales. In. Fvnere. S. l. 1747 (memorial poem for Luise Emilie Molwiz, digitized ).
  • Samuel Chandler : Clear reasons why one should be a Christian. Translated from English because of their usability along with comments by Johann Daniel Schumann (original title: "Plain reasons for being a Christian"). Blochberger, Leipzig 1747 (digitized version).
  • About the Evidence of Evidence for the Truth of the Christian Religion. Schmidt, Hannover 1778 ( digitized version ; review. In: Commentarii De Rebus Novis Literariis. Vol. 1, 1778, pp. 25-30).
  • Efforts of the teachers in the large school in the old town of Hanover, designed on request by the director of the same. In: Hanoverian magazine . Vol. 14, 1777, Part 43, Col. 673-688; 44th piece, Col. 689-702 (digitized version ).

literature

  • Heinrich Ludolph Harland: History of the city of Einbeck. Volume 2, Ehlers, Einbeck 1857, p. 409 (short vita).

Web links

supporting documents

  1. ^ For the entire paragraph Herbert Lommatzsch: Scholarly Relationships between Göttingen and the Harz Mountains in the 17th and 18th Centuries. In: Göttinger Jahrbuch 18 (1970), pp. 109–122, here p. 112.
  2. ↑ Christof Wingertszahn points out that Schumann had already enrolled in Jena for the summer semester of 1736. See Karl Philipp Moritz : Anton Reiser. Text / comment. Complete works, Vol. 1. Ed. By Christof Wingertszahn. Niemeyer, Tübingen 2006, p. 953.
  3. ^ Entry on the genealogical website Ortsfamilienbücher.de .
  4. ↑ Digitized version of the inaugural address.
  5. ↑ Digitized version of the inaugural address.
  6. ↑ Christof Wingertszahn (Ed.): Anton Reiser. Text / comment. Niemeyer, Tübingen 2006, p. 689.
  7. ↑ Ode, at the arrival of your new, venerable teacher, Mag. Johann Daniel Schumann, previous directors to Clausthal. From the first-class students at the Hanover Lyceum. On May 9th 1774. Schlueter, Hanover 1774.
  8. ↑ Christof Wingertszahn (Ed.): Anton Reiser. Text / comment. Niemeyer, Tübingen 2006, p. 896.
  9. ^ Karl Philipp Moritz: Anton Reiser. A psychological novel. Maurer, Berlin 1786, Third Part, p. 224.
  10. ^ Anneliese Klingenberg: Two letters from Karl Philipp Moritz to Hanover. In: Text and Critique . Vol. 118/119, 1993, pp. 10-14 (letters printed on pp. 3-9).
  11. ^ Johann Daniel Schumann: Efforts of the teachers in the large school in the old town of Hanover, drafted by the director on request. In: Hanoverian magazine . Vol. 14, 1777, Part 43, Col. 673-688; 44th piece, Sp. 689-702, here Sp. 678 and Sp. 682.
  12. ↑ Georg Friedrich Grotefend: History of the Lyceum of the Royal Residence City of Hanover during the period from 1733 to 1833 as an invitation to speak at the third Secular celebration of the Reformation on September 16, 1833, at 10 a.m., by Georg Friedrich Grotefend. Jänecke, Hannover 1833, pp. 37–42, quotation p. 41 (digitized version).
  13. ↑ Royal, Great Britain and Chur-Princely Braunschweig-Lüneburg State Calendar to the year 1784. Berenberg, Lauenburg 1784, p. 167.
  14. ↑ On the structure and sequence of the exchange of blows between Lessing and Schumann Wilfried Barner et al: Lessing. Epoch, work, effect. Workbooks on the history of literature. 6th edition, Beck, Munich 1998, p. 292 f.
  15. ^ Gerhard Freund: A Trojan. Lessing's Reimarus fragments as an inquiry to contemporary theology. In: Johann Anselm Steiger (Ed.): 500 years of theology in Hamburg. Hamburg as a center of Christian theology and culture between tradition and future. De Gruyter, Berlin 2005, ISBN 978-3-11-018529-4 , pp. 133–154, here p. 146 f.
  16. ↑ Erich Schmidt: Lessing. History of his life and his writings. 2 volumes in one volume. Reprint of the Berlin, Weidmann edition, 1923; Hildesheim et al. 1983, pp. 218-222, quotation p. 218.
  17. ^ Rudolf Smend : Lessing and Biblical Studies. In: ders .: Bible and Science. Historical essays. Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 2004, ISBN 3-16-148344-8 , pp. 71-89, here pp. 84 f.
personal data
SURNAME Schumann, Johann Daniel
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German schoolboy and preacher
DATE OF BIRTH February 7, 1714
PLACE OF BIRTH Hann. Münden
DATE OF DEATH March 13, 1787
Place of death Tired (of all)