Johann Gottfried Büring
Johann Gottfried Büring (* 1723 in Berlin or Hamburg ; † after 1788 ) was a German court architect in the late Baroque period , who worked primarily in Potsdam . He was one of the most important artists of the Frederician Rococo .
Live and act
Johann Gottfried Büring, the son of the court carpenter, Johann Andreas Adam Büring , who worked in Berlin, allegedly trained as an architect under the influence of Knobelsdorff's works . He acquired his structural engineering knowledge in Berlin from the painter and copper engraver Constantin Friedrich Blesendorf , who taught geometry and perspective at the “ Royal Prussian Academy of Arts and Mechanical Sciences ”, from the war and domain councilor Johann Carl Stoltze , who also acted as senior construction director , and probably with the master builder and chief construction director Titus de Favre .
After completing his training, he worked as a conductor at the Potsdam Building Department and, in 1744, participated with Friedrich Wilhelm Diterichs and Carl Ludwig Hildebrandt in the terracing of the vineyard at Sanssouci Palace . Then Büring went back to Berlin, where he worked in collaboration with Jan Bouman construction supervision over the plans by Georg Wenceslaus von Knobelsdorff and Jean-Laurent Le Geay built -St Hedwig's Cathedral led. For further training, his father made a study trip possible for him, which took him to Italy and France in 1748. Afterwards, however, he did not return to Prussia, but settled in Hamburg. In 1751 he was appointed honorary member of the "Royal Prussian Academy of Arts and Mechanical Sciences".
On the recommendation of Carl Ludwig Hildebrandt, Büring followed the call of Frederick II in 1754 , who had set himself the goal of the architectural beautification of his second royal seat. For the project, the financing of which the king took over, a separate court building office, the "Baucomptoir", was set up in the east wing of the city palace in 1752 . It was immediately under the control of the monarch and his regulations were to be directed by three building directors who controlled each other. In the absence of well-known Potsdam architects, however, this could not be implemented immediately, so that the building contractor was initially managed by Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff and Jan Bouman, and from 1755 by Hildebrandt and Büring.
Johann Gottfried Büring's first building in Potsdam was built in 1754 with the non-preserved administration building of the rifle manufacture on the corner of Breite Strasse and An der Gewehrfabrik, today Hoffbauerstrasse. The peculiarity of this mentioned in the vernacular "Ochsenkopf House" building was not commonly performed in Potsdam facade copy of a historic building, but a bucranium - architrave with 22 pairs of cattle skulls made of sandstone, which the sculptor Johann Peter Benkert created.
In addition to Hildebrandt, Büring managed numerous building projects for the king and, according to his specifications, made designs for simple residential buildings with representative palace facades based on historical models, popularly known as "Vorhemdchen". For example, Friedrich II chose the facade of Palazzo Thiene in Vicenza for the house of the groom Kahler Am Neuen Markt 5, designed by Büring in 1755, based on Palladio's engravings from "I Qvattro Libri Dell'Architettvra" (The Four Books of Architecture) by Palladio . In addition, the houses at Breiten Straße 22, 23 and 24 were built in 1755/56 based on his designs. Based on sketches by Frederick II, Büring also made the plans for the reconstruction of the Nauen Gate in the neo-Gothic style, for which the king probably made an engraving of the Scottish one Inveraray Castle took as a model.
With the beginning of the Seven Years' War , the building work from 1756 was significantly restricted or stopped entirely. This not only affected the immediate buildings , but also the projects in Sanssouci Park . Work on the picture gallery, which began in 1755 based on Büring's designs, based on the French “ Maisons de plaisance ” model and the Chinese House garden pavilion dragged on until the end of the war, which ended favorably for Prussia, and could only be completed in 1764. In addition, Friedrich II had the New Palace built on the west side of the park from 1763 . In collaboration with the architect Heinrich Ludwig Manger , Büring played a key role in the conception and drafting of this guest castle, which he began working on shortly after his arrival in Potsdam. However, he no longer supervised the construction work itself. Carl von Gontard , who came from Bayreuth, was given this task . After the earthworks for the New Palais, Büring fared like many building officials in the time of Frederick II. After arguments with the king, who accused him of accounting irregularities, Büring fell out of favor and was arrested in 1764. In the same year he managed to escape to the Electorate of Saxony , where he stayed in Eisleben and other Saxon places. After Friedrich Wilhelm II ascended the throne , Büring asked for his return to Prussia, which the king approved. Despite the permission, it did not come back until 1788 and has since been considered lost. In 1996 the city of Potsdam honored him with the Büringstraße in the Kirchsteigfeld residential area .
It is known from his private life that he acquired the so-called “Büringsche Vorwerk” in 1756, an area that bordered the Sanssouci park to the southwest in the Frederician era. Between 1756 and 1758 he had a residential house with farm buildings built on the site, and Charlottenhof Palace was built in its place from 1826 . Until then he lived in the house Kiezstrasse 23, which was destroyed in 1945 and which Carl von Gontard moved into after him. His wife Margarethe died shortly before he left Potsdam on December 26, 1763 and was buried in the Bornstedter cemetery.
Former headquarters of the rifle factory (destroyed), photo around 1930
Nauener Tor in Friedrich-Ebert-Straße
Chinese house in Sanssouci Park
New palace in Sanssouci Park
literature
- Waltraud Volk: Potsdam . Historic streets and squares today . 2nd edition, Verlag für Bauwesen, Berlin 1993, ISBN 3-345-00488-7 , p. 54
- Saur: General artist lexicon . Volume 15, 1997, ISBN 3-598-22755-8
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Saur artist lexicon.
- ↑ a b Volk, p. 54.
- ↑ Volk, p. 52, p. 54.
- ↑ Volk, p. 148.
- ↑ Potsdam Museum, No. 29, Potsdam 1988, p. 36 f.
- ↑ Hartmut Knitter: The Kietz before Pottstamb . In: Council of the City of Potsdam (ed.): 1000 years of Potsdam . Part 1, Potsdam 1987, p. 21.
- ^ Karlheinz Deisenroth: Märkische burial place in courtly splendor. The Bornstedt cemetery in Potsdam. Berlin 2003, p. 411.
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Büring, Johann Gottfried |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German court architect |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 1723 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Berlin or Hamburg |
| DATE OF DEATH | after 1788 |