Johann Heinrich Schwicker

JH Schwicker

Johann Heinrich Schwicker (Hungarian János Henrik Schwicker ; born April 28, 1839 in Neubeschenowa , Romanian Dudeştii Noi, Austrian Empire ; † July 7, 1902 in Budapest , Kingdom of Hungary ) was a German-Hungarian teacher, historian and politician.

Life

Schwicker became an orphan at an early age and had to make a living himself. Therefore, at the age of 15 (from 1854) he trained at the teacher training college in Werschetz (Vršac). A year later he worked as a "supplent" (assistant teacher) at the local secondary school, took his exam in 1856 and began his service at the elementary school in Tschakowa (Ciacova). From 1857 to 1861 he taught at the elementary school in Großbecskerek , where he continued his education at the Piarist high school . From 1861 to 1865 he studied German language and literature, geography and history at the University of Pest . Since he always saw himself as a lobbyist for German-speaking teachers in Hungary, he founded the magazine Ungarischer Schulbote in 1868 together with Josef Rill (1839–1909) , which existed until 1887.

In 1869 he became director of the central teacher seminar in Ofen , in 1871 professor at the upper secondary school and in 1873 at the Josephs Polytechnic in Pest . When Schwicker was elected a member of the Hungarian Reichstag in Schäßburg in 1887 , he resigned from his professorship. He remained a parliamentarian until his death in 1902.

Schwicker was often criticized by the Hungarian National Liberals for taking a conservative position and feeling committed to the House of Habsburg and the Catholic Church. As a representative of the Transylvanian Saxons, he founded the Casual Association of Literature and Art Friends in Budapest in 1884 , an exclusively German-speaking society dedicated to communicating German culture in Hungary. Even during his lifetime, his historical works were regarded as not very original, but he convinced with groundbreaking works on The Germans in Hungary and Transylvania (Teschen 1881) and The Gypsies in Hungary and Transylvania (Teschen 1882).

Publications

• History of the Temesian Banat (Pest 1861).
• The final years of the reign of Empress-Queen Maria Theresa (Vienna 1871–1872).
• Statistics of the Kingdom of Hungary (Stuttgart 1877).
• The Hungarian grammar schools (Pest 1881).
• The Germans in Hungary and Transylvania (Teschen 1881).
• Political history of the Serbs in Hungary (Pest 1880).
• The Gypsies in Hungary and Transylvania (Teschen 1882).
• History of the Austrian Military Frontier (1883).
• The Kingdom of Hungary (Vienna 1886).
• Péter Pázmány , Archbishop and Primate of Hungary and his time . (Cologne 1888).
• History of Hungarian Literature (Gera 1896).

literature

• Constantin von Wurzbach : Schwicker, Johann Heinrich . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 32nd part. Kaiserlich-Königliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1876, pp. 380–382 ( digitized version ).
• I. Németh:  Schwicker Johann Heinrich (János Henrik). In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 12, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 2001–2005, ISBN 3-7001-3580-7 , p. 55 f. (Direct links on p. 55 , p. 56 ).

Web links

• Literature by and about Johann Heinrich Schwicker in the catalog of the German National Library
• Gerhard Seewann : Schwicker, Johann Heinrich . In: East German Biography (Kulturportal West-Ost)