Johann Ludwig Bach
Johann Ludwig Bach (* February 4 . Jul / 14. February 1677 greg. In Thal in Eisenach , buried 1. May 1731 in Meiningen ), called the "Meininger Bach," was a German composer from the Bach family .
His father was the organist and cantor Jacob Bach (1655-1718). Johann Ludwig had two sons, Samuel Anton and Gottlieb Friedrich , who worked as organists and pastel painters in Meiningen. Their descendants are still alive today. He was distantly related to Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750) and was very much appreciated by him as an artist.
Life
From 1688 to 1693 Johann Ludwig attended grammar school in Gotha , from 1699 he worked as a " hoboist and Laquay " at the Meininger Hof, where he probably received further composition lessons from the conductor Georg Caspar Schürmann . From 1703 he served as a cantor and page teacher. In October 1706, Bach applied in vain for the position of cantor at the Georgenkirche in Eisenach, previously held by Andreas Christian Dedekind († 1706). From 1711 he headed the Meiningen court orchestra as Kapellmeister, after having been " Capell Inspector " from 1709 , as such he was responsible for the administration of the instruments and the composition of secular works.
Works
Little of his works has survived. The fact that two masses and 24 cantatas have survived is thanks to Johann Sebastian Bach, who performed 18 cantatas by his Meininger cousin in Leipzig in 1726 and composed seven further texts from the Meiningen cantatas of 1719. The cantata Because you will not leave my soul in hell , which is listed as BWV 15 , was previously considered a work by Johann Sebastian Bach, but is now generally attributed to Johann Ludwig Bach.
A systematic catalog of works is not available. The works are numbered in the order in which they were discovered.
Instrumental
Of the instrumental pieces that Johann Ludwig must have composed in large numbers as Kapellmeister, only the overture A 4 in G major from 1715 and a concerto for 2 violins and strings in D major have survived.
Church music
Cantata "Those sow with tears" for 4 solo voices, choir and orchestra
- Missa brevis in E minor “sopra cantilena ' Alone God in the High' ” (September 16, 1716) for soprano , alto , tenor , bass , strings and basso continuo (BWV Anh. III 166). The mass was found in the estate of Johann Sebastian Bach, from whom the beginning of Gloria comes from
- Missa in G major (BWV Anh. III 167) for two choirs and basso continuo. Choir I still includes strings and bassoon , choir II 4 oboes , bassoon and violone (authorship uncertain)
- Magnificat for 8 votes
The 11 traditional motets are usually for two choirs with 4 voices (SATB) and basso continuo. They were in two edited volumes in the Duchess Anna Amalia Library :
- The blood of Jesus Christ
- This is my joy
- Who have changed properly for themselves
- Remember me, my God
- God have mercy on me (for 9 votes and B. c.)
- I have you for a little while
- I want to look to the Lord
- Now be satisfied again
- Our tribulation
- A child is born to us
- We know so our earthly house
Johann Sebastian Bach performed 18 of the 22 church cantatas by Johann Ludwig Bach known today between February and September 1726 in Leipzig. They belong to the older cantata type without madrigal poetry. The text templates are based on the scheme
- Text from the Old Testament - recitative - (stanza) aria - text from the New Testament - aria - recitative - chorus - chorale
The line-up is usually a four-part choir and strings, occasionally also with two oboes , a cantata has two horns.
There is also a funeral music for the funeral of Duke Ernst Ludwig in 1724, the text of which was written by the Duke himself and which is considered the most ambitious of JL Bach's surviving compositions. It has an unusually rich line-up: 2 four-part choirs, 3 flutes, 2 oboes, bassoon, 2 trumpets, timpani, strings and basso continuo.
literature
- Alfred Dörffel: Directory of the church compositions of Johann Ludwig Bach in Meiningen . In: Bach Society of Leipzig (ed.): Johann Sebastian Bach's works . Volume 41: Church Music . Supplementary volume. Bach Society, Leipzig 1894, pp. 275-276.
- Angela Maria Jaffé: The Cantatas of Johann Ludwig Bach . Boston University, Boston MA 1957 (Also: University Microfilms International, Ann Arbor MI 1957), (Dissertation).
- Konrad Küster : Meininger cantata texts about Johann Ludwig Bach . In: Bach yearbook . 73, 1987, ISSN 0084-7682 , pp. 159-164. doi: 10.13141 / bjb.v19872566
- Konrad Küster: The Frankfurt and Leipzig tradition of Johann Ludwig Bach's cantatas . In: Bach yearbook . 75, 1989, pp. 65-106. doi: 10.13141 / bjb.v19892614
Discography
- Funeral music , motets, cantatas. Missa sopra "Honor God alone on high" . Capriccio C 5080 (Naxos), 3CD.
Web links
- Works by and about Johann Ludwig Bach in the catalog of the German National Library
- Discography of the works of Bach and the Bach family with much more information
Individual evidence
- ^ Johann Ludwig Bach , on www.musikgeschichte-meiningen.de
- ^ Maren Goltz: Musicians' Lexicon of the Duchy of Saxony-Meiningen (1680–1918) , on www.db-thueringen.de
- ^ Peter Wollny: Johann Ludwig Bach's funeral music for Ernst Ludwig von Sachsen-Meiningen . In: Supplement to the CD Johann Ludwig Bach. Funeral music , Harmonia Mundi 2011
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Bach, Johann Ludwig |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German composer and Kapellmeister |
| DATE OF BIRTH | February 14, 1677 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Thal (Ruhla) |
| DATE OF DEATH | buried May 1, 1731 |
| Place of death | Meiningen |