Joan of England (1272–1307)

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Joan of England , also called Johanna von Akkon because of her place of birth ( English Joan of Acre ; * spring 1272 in Akkon , † April 23, 1307 in Clare Castle , Suffolk ) was an English king's daughter .

origin

Johanna came from the Plantagenet family . She was a younger daughter of King Edward I of England and Eleanor of Castile , a daughter of King Ferdinand III. of Castile .

Childhood and engagement

Johanna was born in the Holy Land during her parents' crusade . In September 1272 her parents left Acre and traveled via Italy first to Gascony in southwest France before they returned to England in August 1274. Johanna, however, stayed in Ponthieu , where she grew up with her maternal grandmother, Johanna von Dammartin . Her grandmother died in 1279, after which Johanna came to England. Encouraged by his aunt Margaret of France , her father had been conducting marriage negotiations with the Roman-German King Rudolf von Habsburg since 1277 . Margarete had not gotten over the fact that after the death of her father the county of Provence had fallen to her sister Beatrix alone and hoped that the marriage would bring about a diplomatic rapprochement between the Habsburgs and the Count of Savoy, who were related to the English queen. Pope Nicholas also supported this alliance. Johanna was engaged to Hartmann von Habsburg , the second son of Rudolf von Habsburg, but he died in an accident in 1281.

First marriage

In May 1283 the king agreed to his daughter's engagement to Gilbert de Clare, 6th Earl of Gloucester . Clare was the most powerful magnate in England who did not belong to the royal family, but his first, failed marriage to Alice de Lusignan had not yet divorced. It was not until 1289 that Clare received a papal dispensation for his remarriage, and on April 30, 1290, the marriage of 46-year-old Clare to 18-year-old Johanna took place in Westminster Abbey . Gilbert de Clare had to conclude a marriage contract with the king, according to which his two daughters from his first marriage were disinherited and that in the event of childlessness of the marriage with Johanna, the lands of Gilbert would fall to the potential children from a second marriage of his wife. In addition, he had to formally hand over his property to the king, who then returned it to him and Johanna together after the wedding. Joan's children from her marriage to Clare were:

Gilbert de Clare died at the end of 1295, after which Johanna paid homage to her father on January 20, 1296 and was thus able to take over her husband's property. Much to her father's annoyance, she married Ralph de Monthermer, 1st Baron Monthermer, before July 1297, without her father's consent.

Second marriage

Clare died in December 1295. According to the marriage contract, Johanna did not have to be content with a Wittum , but remained the owner and administrator of the property of her deceased husband herself. Her father, King Edward I, planned to marry the rich widow to Count Amadeus of Savoy . In January 1297, however, Johanna secretly married Ralph de Monthermer , a knight from her household, without obtaining her father's consent . After her father learned of her marriage plans, he confiscated her property in January to prevent the marriage. After Johanna had informed her father that the marriage had already taken place, the King had Monthermer immediately thrown into a dungeon in Bristol Castle . However, after Johanna showed signs of pregnancy, she was able to persuade her father in August 1297 to release her husband. The couple were accepted back to the royal court with grace, were given back the property except for the Honor of Tonbridge and Monthermer, raised to Earl of Hertford and Gloucester , could take over the guardianship of Johanna's eldest son. Her husband took part in numerous campaigns during the Scottish Wars of Independence , which is why the King returned them the Honor of Tonbridge in November 1301. Johanna largely managed the extensive holdings of the Clare family, some of the wealthiest in England, and made significant administrative improvements. Her children from her marriage to Monthermer were:

death

Johanna died a few months before her father on April 23, 1307 in Clare , Suffolk , where she was buried in the Augustinian priory. With her death, her husband Monthermer lost the rights to their possessions, which fell under royal administration. Her brother, King Edward II , handed over his inheritance to their son Gilbert, although he was still a minor, in the spring of 1308.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Michael Prestwich: Edward I. University of California, Berkeley 1988, ISBN 0-520-06266-3 , p. 126
  2. ^ Michael Prestwich: Edward I. University of California, Berkeley 1988, ISBN 0-520-06266-3 , p. 317
  3. ^ Michael Prestwich: Edward I. University of California, Berkeley 1988, ISBN 0-520-06266-3 , p. 348
  4. ↑ Westminster Abbey - Our History: Joan of Acre, daughter of Edward I. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on October 24, 2017 ; accessed on October 12, 2017 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / westminster-abbey.org
  5. ^ Michael Altschul: A baronial family in medieval England. The Clares . The Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore 1965, p. 38
  6. ↑ Michael Prestwich: Edward I. University of California, Berkeley 1988, ISBN 0-520-06266-3 , p. 128
  7. ^ Michael Altschul: A baronial family in medieval England. The Clares . The Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore 1965, p. 157
  8. ^ Michael Altschul: A baronial family in medieval England. The Clares . The Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore 1965, p. 38
personal data
SURNAME Joan of England
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Joan of Acre
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Countess of Hertford and Gloucester
DATE OF BIRTH between March 1272 and June 1272
PLACE OF BIRTH Acre
DATE OF DEATH April 23, 1307
Place of death Clare , Suffolk