Johanniterkommende St. Leonhard (Regensburg)

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West facade of St. Leonhards Church , on the right the newly built buildings of the Social Pedagogical Center

The Johanniterkommende St. Leonhard is a former branch of the Johanniter , later the Order of Malta in the western old town of Regensburg . The Romanesque church of St. Leonhard , which still exists today, was assigned to it. A socio-educational facility for children and adolescents is now housed in the newly constructed buildings of the Kommende .

history

Emergence

The Leonhardskirche was probably built in the first half of the 12th century; some sources give it the time around 1120/30. However, this appears very early as the founding date for a Johanniterkommende, as the first settlement of the Order of St. John in the Holy Roman Empire is only attested in 1159 in Prague . The first documentary evidence of a Johanniterkommende in Regensburg is the appearance of a witness who was a member of the order in 1264. The commander herself is mentioned for the first time in 1276; A certain Peringer is named as Commander . The Johanniterkommende is likely to have arisen in the course of the 12th or 13th century, like almost all comparable institutions of the Order of St. John in the Holy Roman Empire, from the takeover of an existing monastery or hospital , for example the Knights Templar . This is supported by the location on an important arterial road from the city to the west; however, this is not certain.

The coming in the late Middle Ages and early modern times

There are only a few documents from the late Middle Ages that refer to the Johanniterkommende. However, these indicate the poor financial and human resources of the facility. The commander was able to keep herself alive with the few material goods and was therefore often only occupied with the commander, who should actually be responsible for the management of a larger community. At times the Regensburg Kommende was also united with the second Johanniterkommende in the diocese of Regensburg , which was located in the Altmühlmünster monastery . After only two brothers lived in the Regensburger Kommende in 1495 , it was decided at the beginning of the 16th century to finally merge with Altmühlmünster. Since 1535, the two branches were administered by joint administrators - a situation that would last until secularization.

The coming in the time of the Reformation and the Thirty Years War

When the city of Regensburg introduced the Reformation in 1542, the St. Leonhard Church was also used for Lutheran services. The Order, now known as the Order of Malta, did not do much about it. Only long after the complaint of the Bavarian Duke Wilhelm V in 1579 was holy mass read once a week . Under the Regensburg bishop Wolfgang von Hausen (term of office 1600 / 02-1613) the Leonhardskirche became Catholic again.

In the course of the Thirty Years' War, the Swedes occupied the city of Regensburg in November 1633 under Duke Bernhard von Sachsen-Weimar . Only Protestant services were allowed during the occupation. Regensburg was also ravaged by the plague during this time ; the coming one was used as a military hospital and epidemic hospital. In the summer of 1634 the imperial troops finally recaptured Regensburg, but the church and the commander of St. Leonhard were in a ruinous state. During the occupation, the Swedes had demolished everything that wasn't nailed down.

From the Thirty Years War to Secularization

From 1634/35 two Carmelite Fathers lived in the Kommende St. Leonhard. But as early as 1641, the foundation stone for the Carmelite Monastery of St. Josef, which still exists today, was laid on the Alter Kornmarkt . So the Discalced Carmelites soon moved out again. After that, the premises were mainly used as a hostel for members of the Order of Malta traveling through, especially during the Perpetual Diet from 1663 to 1806. The secularization of 1802/03 did not affect the coming, as the orders of knights were excluded from it. The Regensburger Kommende became part of the Principality of Regensburg under the rule of Karl Theodor von Dalberg . When Regensburg fell to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1810, the Kommende St. Leonhard was dissolved and became state property.

After secularization

Since then, the Order of Malta has no longer had any connection with the former Kommende St. Leonhard. From 1817 to 1871 the Catholic boys' school of the upper town was housed in the premises. The St. Leonhardi Association , founded in 1872, ran a children's institution here from 1886 , later a children's home and a youth hostel were added. In 1969 the old commandery building was replaced by a modern new building. In 1994 the children's home and the associated facilities were renamed the St. Leonhard Regensburg Social Education Center . Today, this includes a children's house (with a crèche, kindergarten and daycare center ), curative educational living groups, curative educational day groups and supervised youth housing. Some of these are also located at other locations in the city.

literature

  • Paul Mai : The Johanniterkommende St. Leonhard. In: Peter Schmid (Ed.): History of the City of Regensburg, Volume 2, Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg 2000. ISBN 3-7917-1682-4 . Pp. 829-835.
  • Kath. Pfarramt Herz Jesu (Ed.): St. Leonhard in Regensburg - Former Johanniterordenskirche. Written by Gerhard Degen based on the documentation by Prof. Dr. Achim Hubel and documents in the archive of the parish Herz Jesu. Brochure.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Peter Morsbach: St. Leonhard in Regensburg - Johanniter and Maltese . Online at www.hdbg.de; Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  2. ↑ a b c d e Catholic rectory Herz Jesu (ed.): St. Leonhard in Regensburg - Former Johanniterordenskirche.
  3. ↑ Mission statement: The well-being of children and adolescents is the focus of our work ( Memento of the original from February 3, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Online at www.st-leonhard.org; Retrieved February 3, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.st-leonhard.org
  4. ^ The sponsor: St. Leonhardi Association . Online at www.st-leonhard.org; Retrieved February 3, 2017.

Coordinates: 49 ° 1 '17.3 "  N , 12 ° 5' 9"  E