John Hobhouse, 1st Baron Broughton

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Sir John Hobhouse, 1st Baron Broughton
A Journey through Albania etc., title page of volume I of the second edition, 1813
Gravesite of John Cam Hobhouse, Kensal Green Cemetery, London

John Cam Hobhouse, 1st Baron Broughton (born June 27, 1786 in Redland, now Bristol , † June 3, 1869 in London ), also known as Sir John Hobhouse (from 1831) and Lord Broughton (from 1851) was an English Statesman and author. In addition to his many years of political activity, his friendship with Lord Byron made his name known.

life and work

Hobhouse, the eldest son of the wealthy brewer Sir Benjamin Hobhouse , Baronet, studied at Trinity College , Cambridge since October 18, 1803 , where he won the Hulsean Prize in 1808 for his essay On the Origin and Intention of Sacrifices and received his first degree ( BA) made. During his studies in Cambridge he had made friends with Lord George Gordon Byron , whom he accompanied on a trip to Spain and the eastern Mediterranean (Greece, Turkey) from 1809-1810. Hobhouse, however, returned to England after seeing part of European Turkey and published a description of his journey under the title A Journey through Albania, and Other Provinces of Turkey in Europe and Asia (1813).

Hobhouse was involved with the Allied troops in the Battle of Dresden in August 1813 , which preceded the decisive Battle of the Nations near Leipzig by only a few weeks. He then saw the entry of King Louis XVIII , appointed in April 1814 . in Paris. After Napoleon's return from Elba, Hobhouse was again present in Paris during the reign of the Hundred Days . After the Battle of Waterloo , he published Letters Written by an Englishman During the Last Reign of Napoleon (1815). In it he expressed his antipathy for the reinstated Bourbons and openly sided with Napoleon. This earned him much criticism in both France and England; a translation of the letters was confiscated in France, the translator and the publisher were arrested.

In January 1815 Hobhouse had been the best man at Byron's wedding, and when Byron left England in April 1816 to return to Italy, Hobhouse decided to go with him. This then resulted in his historical illustrations , which concerned the fourth song ( Canto ) of Byron's Childe Harold's Pilgrimage , which deals with the Italian journey; Byron, in turn, had dedicated this song to Hobhouse.

A passage in a pamphlet written by Hobhouse under the title A Defense of the People in Reply to Lord Erskine's "Two Defenses of the Whigs" , which the House of Commons saw as a breach of his privileges, took him from mid-December 1819 to the end February 1820 jailed. The scandal increased his popularity, however, and in 1820 he won a seat for Westminster in the House of Commons, where he joined the radicals. Soon after, he formed the Westminster Review with other influential radicals .

He later took a more moderate direction, in 1832 as Minister of War in the government (1830-1834) of Lord Gray and was declared a member of the Privy Council . In 1831 he had also succeeded his father as 2nd baronet

In March 1833 he became Secretary of State for Ireland . But when a few weeks later in the House of the abolition of the so-called window control ( Window tax was requested) - had spoken out earlier against the Hobhouse, but he stopped now as a member of the government is necessary - he resigned from the government and from parliament out. In the following elections he won no more seats and initially withdrew from politics.

In the new government under Prime Minister Melbourne (from July 1834) he took over the post of First Commissioner of the Domains ( First Commissioner of Woods and Forests ); at the same time he was re-elected to the House of Commons for Nottingham. From 1839 to 1841 he was under Lord Melbourne President of the Board of Control for East India . In this function he supported Lord Auckland 's policy on India by all means . When the Whigs came back to power under Lord John Russell in July 1846 , Hobhouse was again President of the Control Office, but, having given up his radical principles, lost his seat in Nottingham in the 1847 elections.

On February 26, 1851, with the dissolution of the Russell government, Hobhouse with the title of Baron Broughton - nominally of Broughton-de-Gyfford in the County of Wiltshire - was raised to hereditary peer and thus received a seat in the upper house, the House of Lords . When the Russell government was reconstituted , he returned to his old post and was not definitively fired until January 1852.

Hobhouse had married Lady Julia Tomlinson Hay, daughter of George Hay, 7th Marquess of Tweeddale (1753-1804), in July 1828 . Their marriage resulted in three daughters before Lady Julia died of tuberculosis in April 1835. Hobhouse survived for more than 30 years and died at the age of 82 on June 3, 1869. He was buried in Kensal Green Cemetery , London. His peer status expired with his death as he had no male descendants.

Hobhouse was also a founding member of the Royal Geographical Society (RCS) in 1830 .

Honors

Fonts

Historical illustrations of the fourth canto of Childe Harold
  • 1809: Essay on the Origin and Intention of Sacrifices; Being the Hulsean Prize-Essay for the Year 1808 . London: T. Gillet ( Google )
  • 1809: Imitations and Translations from the Ancient and Modern Classics, Together with Original Poems Never before Pubished . London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme ( Google )
  • 1813: A Journey through Albania, and Other Provinces of Turkey in Europe and Asia, to Constantinople, During the years 1809 and 1810 . London: James Cawthorne ( Google )
    • Second English edition 1813: A Journey through Albania, and Other Provinces of Turkey in Europe and Asia, to Constantinople, During the years 1809 and 1810. Second Edition . 2 volumes. London: James Cawthorn (Google: Volume I - Volume II ). Reprinted in 1825.
    • US-American edition 1817: A Journey through Albania, and Other Provinces of Turkey in Europe and Asia, to Constantinople, During the years 1809 and 1810 . 2 volumes. Philadelphia: M. Carey & Son (archive: Volume I - Volume II ≈ Google: Volume I - Volume II )
    • Third English edition 1833: A Journey through Albania and Other Provinces of Turkey in Europe and Asia, to Constantinople, During the years 1809 and 1810. Third Edition . 2 volumes. London: James Cawthorn (MDZ Munich: Volume I - Volume II )
    • New edition 1855: Travels in Albania and Other Provinces of Turkey in 1809 & 1810. New Edition . 2 volumes. London: John Murray (Google: Volume I - Volume II)
    • Revised new edition 1858: Travels in Albania and Other Provinces of Turkey in 1809 & 1810. A New Edition, Revised and Corrected, 1858 . 2 volumes. London: John Murray (archive: Volume I - Volume II ≈ Google: Volume I - Volume II ) ( SUB Göttingen )
  • 1816: The Substance of Some Letters, Written by an Englishman Resident in Paris During the Last Reign of the Emperor Napoleon. With an Appendix of Official Documents . 2 volumes. London: Ridgways (Google: Volume I - Volume II )
    • US-American edition in one volume: Philadelphia: M. Thomas 1816 ( Google )
    • Second English edition, now udT: The Substance of Some Letters from Paris During the Last Reign of the Emperor Napoleon; and Addressed Principally to the Right Hon. Lord Byron. Second Edition, with Additional Notes, and a Prefatory Address . London: Ridgways 1817 (Google: Volume I - Volume II )
  • 1818: Historical Illustrations of the Fourth Canto of Childe Harold: Containing Dissertations on the Ruins of Rome; and an Essay on Italian Literature . London: John Murray ( Google )
    • Second, corrected edition 1818: Historical Illustrations of the Fourth Canto of Childe Harold: Containing Dissertations on the Ruins of Rome; and an Essay on Italian Literature. Second Edition, Revised and Corrected . London: John Murray ( Hathitrust ≈ Google ≈ archive )
    • American edition 1818: Historical Illustrations of the Fourth Canto of Childe Harold: Containing Dissertations on the Ruins of Rome; and an Essay on Italian Literature . New York: Kirk & Mercein ( archive ≈ Google )
  • 1819: A Defense of the People, in Reply to Lord Erskine's "Two Defenses of the Whigs" . London: Robert Stodart ( Google )
  • 1819: A Trifling Mistake in Thomas, Lord Erskine's Recent Preface . London: Robert Stodart ( Google )
  • 1859: Italy: Remarks Made in Several Visits from the Year 1816 to 1854 . 2 volumes. London: John Murray (Google: Volume I - Volume II ). Reprinted in 1861.
  • 1865: Recollections of a Long Life , private print
    • Edition 1909–1910 in six volumes: Recollections of a Long Life. With Additional Extracts from his Private Diaries (ed. By the daughter Lady Dorchester), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons:
      • Volume II: 1816–1822 (1909) ( archive )
      • Volume II: 1822–1829 (1910) ( archive )

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ The London Gazette : No. 21185, p. 487 , February 25, 1851.
  2. ↑ The book was sold both in one volume and in two or three volumes; the copies in several volumes did not have their own title page for the 2nd or possibly 3rd volume. From the second edition, the book was produced in 2 volumes, each with its own title page for the 1st and 2nd volume.
personal data
SURNAME Hobhouse, John, 1st Baron Broughton
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Broughton, John Cam Hobhouse 1st Baron
BRIEF DESCRIPTION British politician, member of the House of Commons
DATE OF BIRTH June 27, 1786
PLACE OF BIRTH Redland, Bristol
DATE OF DEATH June 3, 1869
Place of death London