John Pascoe Fawkner
John Pascoe Fawkner (born October 20, 1792 at Cripplegate , London , † September 4, 1869 in Melbourne ) was an English settlement pioneer, entrepreneur and politician. In 1835 he financed a group of settlers from Vandiemensland (today's Tasmania ) to sail with them on his schooner Enterprize to mainland Australia. The group sailed up the Yarra River via Port Phillip to establish a settlement that is now Melbourne.
Early years
John Pascoe Fawkner was the son of the metal refiner John Fawkner and his wife Hannah (nee Pascoe). In 1803, at the age of 11, he accompanied his father, who was sentenced to 14 years imprisonment for stolen goods , to the deportation . The two ships were to establish a new British colony on Bass Strait . The prisoners landed in Sullivan Bay , near today's city of Sorrento , a suburb of Melbourne. For several months the colony had to struggle to survive. There were around 27 escape attempts, including those by William Buckley . In 1804, acute water and wood shortages finally convinced Lieutenant Governor David Collins to give up the colony. In 1804 civilian settlers and convicts left the colony for the new town of Hobart in Vandiemensland .
In Hobart, Fawkner helped his father, who had since been pardoned , in his bakery, brewery and wood factory. Soon after, he himself came into conflict with the law. A letter dated October 19, 1814, from Tasmania Governor Thomas Davey to Lieutenant Jeffreys instructed him to board a John Fawkner, "one of the people who recently broke away from the colony after some of the most terrible robberies and looting and who was sentenced to five years of deportation; he is being shipped to Sydney to be sent to the Coal River for the duration of his sentence and also to break the chain of a very dangerous connection that has established in his settlement " . However, this is a somewhat misleading representation of the actual events. Fawkner's own version of events, which appears to be true, speaks of a group of convicts determined to flee seeking his support and he helped them in a moment of foolish sympathy.
In December 1819, John Fawkner met Eliza Cobb, who had also been deported, with whom he moved to Launceston . With the permission of Governor George Arthur , the two married on December 5, 1822. Together, in 1829, they ran a bakery, lumberjack, bookstore, The Launceston Advertiser newspaper, as well as a kindergarten and an orchard. Shortly after Eliza Cobb received a pardon, Fawkner was granted a license to run the Cornwall Hotel .
Settlement of Melbourne
In April 1835, Fawker acquired the schooner Enterprize to look for a suitable place to settle in the Port Phillip area . John Batman led a reconnaissance group aboard the sloop Rebecca to Port Phillip in May 1835 . He explored a large area in what is now the northern suburbs from Melbourne to the north of today's Keilor and assessed it as the ideal land for sheep farming. He then returned to Launceston.
When the Enterprize was ready for voyage in August 1835, creditors prevented Fawkner at the last moment from boarding his ship and joining the settlers. On departure from George Town , under Captain Peter Hunter, were on board the Enterprize : Captain John Lancey (Fawkner's representative), construction workers George Evans, the carpenters William Jackson and Robert Marr, Evan Evans, servants of George Evans and the servants of Fawkner, the tillage man Charles Wyse, the servant Thomas Morgan and the blacksmith James Gilbert and his pregnant wife Mary.
On August 15, 1835, the Enterprize drove into the Yarra River. After she was hauled upriver, the ship was moored at the foot of what is now William Street . On August 30, 1835, the settlers disembarked to set up camp and clear land for growing vegetables. The Fawkners arrived on the Enterprize's second voyage on October 16. John Fawkner wrote in his diary: " Warped up to the harbor basin , landing with two cows, two calves and two horses."
Businessman and politician in Melbourne
Fawker tried hard to secure his place in history. He opened the first Melbourne hotel on the corner of Williams Street and Flinders Lane . He published from January 1, 1838 the Melbourne Advertiser , the first newspaper in the district. The first nine or ten weekly issues were still handwritten in ink. An old wooden press and some letters were bought from Launceston . The first printed edition appeared on March 5, 1838.
Another 17 issues followed until the newspaper was discontinued on April 23, 1838 due to a lack of a license from Sydney . On February 6, 1839, the Melbourne Advertiser and the Port Phillip Patriot were republished by the newly minted license holder John Pascoe Fawkner. From May 15, 1845, the newspaper appeared daily. The printing press still exists today and is on display in the Natural Science Museum in Melbourne.
In 1839 Fawker acquired one of eleven of the areas created by the government surveyor Robert Hoodle when the district of Coburg was divided. The property was called Pascoeville and bordered by Moonee Ponds Creek , Gaffney Street , Northumberland Road, and the western extension of Boundary Road . John Fawkner lived on his farm and house in the town of Collingwood (now a suburb of Melbourne) between 1840 and 1855 .
In 1851 he was elected to the Port Phillip District's first Legislative Council . In 1856 he was elected to the first parliament of the self-governing colony of Victoria as a member of the Central Province.
In Melbourne, as in Launceston, he made many enemies before dying on Smith Street , Collingwood, at the age of 77, the great old man of the colony on September 4, 1869 . At his funeral on September 8, 1869, around 200 wagons and 15,000 people were reportedly present.
Many places were named after him in his honor, such as the present-day Australian suburbs of Fawkner , Pascoe Vale in Victoria and Fawkner Park .
swell
- CJ Billot: The Life and Times of John Pascoe Fawkner . Intl Specialized Book Service Inc, 1987, ISBN 0-908090-77-3 .
- Percival Serle (1949). " Fawkner, John Pascoe" . Dictionary of Australian Biography . Sydney: Angus and Robertson. (English)
- Hugh Anderson (1966). "Fawkner, John Pascoe (1792-1869)" . Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 1. Melbourne University Press. pp. pp 368-370. (English)
- Gary Presland, The First Residents of Melbourne's Western Region , (revised edition), Harriland Press, 1997. ISBN 0646331507 (English)
- Gary Presland, Aboriginal Melbourne: The Lost Land of the Kulin People , Harriland Press (1985), Second edition 1994, ISBN 0957700423
- Meyer Eidelson, The Melbourne Dreaming. A Guide to the Aboriginal Places of Melbourne , pp. 8-9, Aboriginal Studies Press, Canberra, 1997. Reprint 2000. ISBN 0855753064
- Bill Wannan, Australian folklore: a dictionary of lore, legends and popular allusions , Lansdowne, 1970, p. 42
- Alexander Wyclif Reed, Place names of Australia , Reed, 1973, p. 149
- Isabel Ellender and Peter Christiansen, People of the Merri Merri . The Wurundjeri in Colonial Days, Merri Creek Management Committee, 2001 ISBN 0957772807
Web links
- Enterprize - Melbourne's Tall Ship (English)
- John Pascoe Fawkner on the side of the Parliament of Victoria (English)
Individual evidence
- ^ J. Bonwick, Port Phillip Settlement, pp. 281-2.
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Fawkner, John Pascoe |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | English businessman and politician, founder of the city of Melbourne |
| DATE OF BIRTH | October 20, 1792 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | London |
| DATE OF DEATH | September 4, 1869 |
| Place of death | Melbourne |