José Zorrilla y Morals

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The Spanish poet and playwright José Zorrilla y Moral

José Zorrilla y Moral (born February 21, 1817 in Valladolid , † January 23, 1893 in Madrid ) was a Spanish poet and playwright .

Life

José Zorrilla y Moral was born in Valladolid to a Carlist father; his mother's name was Nicomedes Moral. The family spent a few years in Burgos and Seville and eventually settled in Madrid, where the father worked in the police force and the son entered the Seminario de Nobles, a Jesuit school .

After the death of King Ferdinand in 1833, the father was exiled to Lerma and the son was sent to study law at the University of Toledo , where he was under the care of a relative who was a clergyman there. However, José soon gave up his studies and, after fruitless admonitions from his strict father and an affair with a cousin he had fallen in love with, went to Madrid, where he lived as a bohemian and lived his life badly. He became known as a poet reciting verses at Larra's funeral. In 1837 he published a volume of poetry strongly influenced by Lamartine and Victor Hugo and was immediately successful.

At the age of 22 he married a 38-year-old Irish widow, Florentina O'Reilly, who already had a son; a common child of the two died early. Before her jealousy, Zorrilla fled to France twice (1845 and 1851); there he had contact with Alexandre Dumas , Théophile Gautier , Alfred de Musset and George Sand as well as Victor Hugo. In 1853 he spent a year in London . He later went to Mexico , where he lived for almost twelve years from 1854 to 1866, with a short break in Cuba in 1858. He became protégé of Emperor Maximilian , who made him theater director.

After the death of his wife, Zorrilla returned to Spain in 1866 and in 1869 a second marriage to Juana Pacheco, but suffered constant financial worries and therefore went to Rome for five years (1871–1876). In 1885 he was accepted as a member of the Real Academia Española and crowned poet in Granada in 1889. His inability in economic matters, however, again plunged him into profound poverty. Through Emilio Castelar's intervention , he finally got at least a small state pension.

José Zorrilla died on January 23, 1893 in Madrid as a result of brain surgery.

Works

José Zorrilla is known today almost exclusively as a playwright: from 1839 he wrote more than 20 plays; He himself regarded Traidor, inconfeso y mártir (1845) as the most important , but his Don Juan drama Don Juan Tenorio , which is still performed in Spain on All Souls' Day , was best known .

The statue of Don Juan Tenorio in the Plaza Refinadores in the Barrio Santa Cruz in Seville

Dramas

  • Juan Dándolo (1839, with Antonio García Gutiérrez )
  • El zapatero y el Rey (1839)
  • Cada cual con su razón (1839)
  • Lealtad de una mujer y aventuras de una noche (1840)
  • Más vale llegar a tiempo (1840)
  • Vivir loco y morir más (1840)
  • Cada cual con su razón (1840)
  • Apoteosis de Don Pedro Calderón de la Barca (1842)
  • El eco del torrente (1842)
  • Los dos virreyes (1842)
  • Un año y un día (1842)
  • Sancho García (1842)
  • El puñal del godo (1843)
  • Sofronía (1843)
  • La mejor razón, la espada (1843)
  • El molino de Guadalajara (1843)
  • El caballo del rey Don Sancho (1843)
  • La oliva y el laurel (1843)
  • Don Juan Tenorio (1844)
  • La copa de marfil (1844)
  • El alcalde Ronquillo (1845)
  • El rey loco (1847)
  • La reina y los favoritos (1847)
  • El excomulgado (1848)
  • La creación y el diluvio (1848)
  • Traidor, inconfeso y mártir (1849)
  • Amor y arte (1862) Zarzuela
  • Pilatos (1877)

Verse narratives

  • Leyendas
  • A buen juez mejor testigo
  • Para verdades el tiempo y para justicias Dios
  • El Capitán Montoya
  • Margarita la tornera
  • La pasionaria
  • La azucena silvestre

Poetry

  • Cantos del trovador 1840

Autobiography

  • Recuerdos del tiempo viejo 1880–83

Modern editions

  • Don Juan Tenorio . Prólogo Francisco Nieva. Edición Juan Francisco Peña. 27. ed. Madrid: Espasa Calpe, 1991. (Colección Austral; 51) ISBN 84-239-9864-9
  • Zorrilla, José, and Ranjit Bolt: The Real Don Juan . Bath, England: Absolute Press, 1990. ISBN 0-948230-36-3
  • Zorrilla, José, and Jean Louis Picoche. El zapatero y el Rey primera y segunda partes . Madrid: Editorial Castalia, 1980. (Clásicos Castalia, 85). ISBN 84-7039-310-3
  • Zorrilla, José, Silvia Salgado, and Pablo Mora: Memorias del tiempo mexicano. Memorias mexicanas . México, DF: CONACULTA, 1998. ISBN 970-18-1818-0
  • Traidor, inconfeso y mártir ; edición [de] Roberto Calvo Sanz. [Madrid]: Espasa-Calpe, 1990. (Colección Austral, A160). ISBN 84-239-1960-9
  • Zorrilla, José, and Gregorio Torres Nebrera: Antología poética . [Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona]: Plaza & Janés, 1984. (Clásicos Plaza & Janés, 15). ISBN 84-01-90534-6
  • Zorrilla, José, and Santiago de los Mozos: Flor de verso y prosa . Valladolid: Ambito, 1993. ISBN 84-86770-71-8
  • Zorrilla, José: Vivir loco y more más . Barcelona: Linkgua Ediciones SL, 2005. ISBN 978-84-9816-287-5

Translations

  • Don Juan Tenorio : Romantic drama in 5 acts (7 images); With a study of Don Juan in Spain. German adaptation by Dominik Josef Wölfel. Vienna: Amandus Edition, 1947 (Small Library of World Literature)
  • About love and honor in the Spanish theater , translated into German by Kurt Thurmann. Bonn: Bouvier, 1988 (Studies on the literary and social history of Spain and Latin America; Vol. 8) [Contains eight early character comedies by Juan Ruiz de Alarcón y Mendoza. Don Juan Tenorio by José Zorrilla y Moral] ISBN 3-416-01993-8

literature

  • Congreso sobre José Zorrilla : Actas del Congreso sobre José Zorrilla: una nueva lectura; Valladolid, October 18-21, 1993. Ed. coordinada por: Javier Blasco Pascal ... Valladolid: Univ. de Valladolid [u. a.], 1995. (Series Literatura; 34) ISBN 84-7762-538-7
  • Galán Font, Eduardo: Claves de Don Juan: Tirso de Molina - José Zorrilla . Eduardo Galán Font y Christina Ferreiro. Madrid: Ciclo Ed., 1990. (Coleccion Claves para la lectura; 15) ISBN 84-87430-65-1

Web links

Commons : José Zorrilla  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Zorrilla y Moral, José
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Spanish poet and playwright
DATE OF BIRTH February 21, 1817
PLACE OF BIRTH Valladolid
DATE OF DEATH January 23, 1893
Place of death Madrid