Josef Carl Bayrhammer

Josef Carl Bayrhammer , also Josef Karl Bayrhammer , pseudonym Einsiedler am Ossagebürg (born March 16, 1786 in Dießen , † August 21, 1821 in Hochschloß ) was a German agronomist and agricultural reformer .

Life

Bayrhammer was the son of the Upper Bavarian judge Aloys Ignatz Bayrhammer. He graduated from (today's) Wilhelmsgymnasium in Munich in 1804 and then attended the forestry school in Weihenstephan , today's Weihenstephan Science Center for Nutrition, Land Use and Environment of the Technical University of Munich . He was also a pupil of the newly opened model agriculture school .

In the autumn of 1805 he began studying camera science at the University of Landshut . In 1807 he was awarded the title of Dr. phil. PhD.

In 1808 he did an internship at the Royal Forestry Office in Kempten and passed his exam before the General Forest Administration with distinction on February 24, 1809 . Bayrhammer's application, which was supported by the forest administration, to be sent to the institute of Philipp Emanuel von Fellenberg in Hofwil , was not approved; instead he got a job as a forestry assistant in Munich, from which he was released in November. On behalf of Franz von Baader, he took over the management of extensive primeval forests in the Ossagebirge (probably Osser in the Künischen Gebirge ) in the Bavarian Forest .

As a result of the Fifth Coalition War , Bayrhammer had to give up his position in April 1811. He went to Heidelberg University for a year and then in June 1812 became the second assistant to the forestry office in the Royal Forestry Office in Friedburg im Innviertel . In November 1813 he enlisted for military service in the Wars of Liberation . With the favor of the then Crown Prince Ludwig , he was transferred to the Chancellery of the High Command of the Reserve Army.

In various writings, Bayrhammer advocated against mercantilistic or purely rational agriculture , which he perceived as a degeneracy , and for national agriculture that is not based solely on yields and maintains and tends to undeveloped open spaces. He was impressed by the striving for self - sufficiency in agriculture in Scandinavia and the agricultural measures of the Swedish King Karl XIV. For his propagation of Swedish reforms, such as the introduction of Stragelkaffee in Germany, he was awarded the Wasa Order by Karl XIV .

The criticism accused him of mystical semi-darkness , nonsense and an incomprehensible, but precisely because of this, mysticism that recommends itself to shallow heads . His work, which is committed to the thoughts of Adam Müller von Nitterdorf , is considered an early and peculiar example of agricultural teaching and agricultural policy in German Romanticism .

Works

• (as a hermit on the Ossagebürg ): Letter to the friends of rural culture about the degeneracy of German agriculture, and about the need to form a doctrinal school in relation to the rational school. Munich: Stöger 1812

Digital copy of the copy from the Bavarian State Library (gift from King Ludwig I)

Nuremberg: Riegel and Wiessner 1813 ( digitized version )

• Contributions to the propagation of bread fruits. Wuerzburg 1816

Digital copy of the copy from the Bavarian State Library (gift from King Ludwig I)

• Memories of nutritious plants, which are eaten in the bread, supplement part of the bread-grain, and grow partly in the wild in all of Europe, partly as vegetables and fodder herbs in large numbers. Nuremberg 1817

Digital copy of the copy from the Bavarian State Library (gift from King Ludwig I)

• Memories of nutritious plants which, taken up in the bread, supplement part of the bread-grain. 2nd edition Würzburg 1817

Digitized copy of the copy from the Bavarian State Library

• Practical instruction on using Icelandic lichens ... as a bread grain supplement. Freyberg: Cratz and Gerlach 1818
• Memories of the establishment (fundatio) of the communities through the usable property (dominium utile) of the inalienable state forests: at the same time a contribution to the appreciation of the undeveloped land. Freyberg: Cratz and Gerlach 1819

Digital copy of the copy from the Bavarian State Library (gift from King Ludwig I)

• (posthumously) On the food of the people and the contributions of the undeveloped land to its immediate increase. Freyberg: Cratz and Gerlach 1822

Digitized copy of the copy from the Bavarian State Library

literature

• Joachim Heinrich Jäck: The most important moments in life of all royal. Bavarian civil and military servants of this century. Fourth issue, Augsburg: Wolf 1819 ( digitized )

Individual evidence

1. ^ Leitschuh, Max: The matriculations of the upper classes of the Wilhelmsgymnasium in Munich , 4 vols., Munich 1970–1976; Vol. 3, p. 224
2. ↑ See the biting review of his posthumously published work Ueber Volksnahrung , in: Supplementary sheets to the Allgemeine Literatur-Zeitung , June 1823, Sp. 529-533 ( digitized version) and 537-541 ( digitized version )
3. ↑ Friedrich Lenz : agricultural education and agricultural policy of German Romanticism. Berlin: Parey 1912, p. 76f