Josef Stand

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Josef Stand

Josef Benno Ständer (born December 24, 1894 in Kirchworbis ; † March 7, 1976 in Gildehaus ) was a German doctor and politician ( NSDAP ) and member of the Bundestag .

Life and work

The son of a Catholic family of teachers from Eichsfeld studied medicine from 1913 after attending a grammar school in Duderstadt , interrupted from 1915 to 1919 when he was at the front in the east, where he was damaged in the war and received awards. In 1920 he received his doctorate in Kiel. In 1921 he married Aleida Lenzing, the daughter of an innkeeper and businessman from Bentheim. The couple had three sons. In the same year Ständer established himself as a general practitioner in Ochtrup ; a short time later the company moved to Bad Bentheim . In 1927 he bought a practice in the neighboring Gildehaus , where he specialized in leg problems.

After his internment and serving his sentence, he resumed his practice in Gildehaus in 1952.

Public work

Ständer joined the NSDAP on November 1, 1925 , after having been active in a collecting tank of National Socialist-Völkisch forces in the constituency of Weser-Ems, the Völkisch-Soziale Block , which was a cover organization of the NSDAP , because of the ban on parties after the Hitler coup . Ständer, supported by his wife, his brother-in-law and brother, who was also active in the NSDAP, quickly joined the leadership of the Nazi politicians in the district. In 1930 he became NSDAP district leader for District 26 (Bentheim-Lingen), whereby Lingen became independent in the summer of 1932. In 1931 he was appointed the standard doctor of the SA standard doctor.

The district leader was considered a power-conscious and fanatical National Socialist who did not tolerate any contradiction. This was felt even by party friends with dissenting opinions, but even more so by political opponents like the Gildehauser DVP mayor Ernst Buermeyer , against whom he waged a far-reaching dirt campaign. In 1933 , the Gleichschaltung in Grafschaft Bentheim was particularly sensational, which made it necessary for higher authorities to intervene in order to calm the minds. Nevertheless, in November 1933, Ständer was “elected” to the Reichstag , which was brought into line and to which he belonged until 1945. In March 1933 he joined the NSDAP's district committee and the Hanover Provincial Parliament, which elected him to one of six deputy members of the Hanover Province in the Prussian State Council.

In 1936, Ständer officially resigned from the Catholic Church after he had long since severed all ties to it. Since then he has referred to himself as " believing in God ". He had his school-age children raised on the Napola Haselünne, for which the Ursuline monastery there was closed in 1941.

In 1940/41 he temporarily gave up his position as district leader, since he took part in the Western campaign as a doctor . After he was classified as indispensable, he returned to the county and made a name for himself through anti-Jewish agitation and his role as an "art patron".

A brother-in-law of Ständers was the leader of the Bentheim SA storm and was involved in the destruction of the Bentheim synagogue , another brother-in-law was the leader of the district NS-Volkswohlfahrt , his wife was the head of the NS-Frauenschaft in Gildehaus. In 1943, with the participation of the Ständer couple, the hair of a young German girl who was suspected of having had contact with a prisoner of war was cut off in front of his house. Then the girl with a shield around her neck was driven through the village in a torchlight procession with a large participation of the population. Immediately after the march, the Gestapo took the girl into custody and took her to a concentration camp .

Arrested in June 1945, Ständer came by the end of November 1948 a. a. to the Recklinghausen camp. After his provisional release, he returned to Gildehaus, which aroused the highest outrage in the population of the county and triggered numerous threats and petitions demanding his removal from the county. Like his family, he was accused of continuing to be fanatical National Socialists. A Jewish survivor spoke in front of the Bielefeld ruling court of a "family limited company", which practically represented the district management and without whose approval hardly anything could happen in the district.

The protests of the municipal council and the district council against the return of the Ständer family were ultimately in vain.

The Bielefeld Spruchkammer sentenced him to four years in prison in December 1948, mainly because of his membership in the corps of political leaders , which was criticized in the district for his mildness. But this was not the final verdict. In his denazification notice of October 1950, Ständer was classified as an "essential promoter of National Socialism" in category III, although he was forbidden to work in the public service, as a youth educator and in managerial positions. In addition, his active and passive voting rights were withdrawn.

The appeal trial against Ständer and his wife, who had been charged with crimes against humanity , aiding and abetting embezzlement and stolen goods, ended in March 1950 with an acquittal for the wife and two years in prison for Ständer for crimes against humanity in unity with stolen goods, because he had paved his courtyard with the gravestones of the desecrated Jewish cemetery. After even the Federal Court of Justice was brought into the matter and dropped the charge of crimes against humanity, Ständer was finally sentenced in June 1952 to one year in prison for stolen goods. The North Rhine-Westphalian Prime Minister granted a conditional suspension of sentence with a three-year probation period, but refused to allow the state to assume the legal costs.

In 1952, Ständer resumed his venous disease practice in Gildehaus.

Works

  • The historical development of the NSDAP in the Grafschaft Bentheim district. In: Grafschafter Heimatkalender 1936. Das Bentheimer Land, Volume 11. Bentheim 1935, pp. 26–28.

literature

  • Rainer Hehemann (edit.): Biographical handbook on the history of the Osnabrück region. Edited by the Osnabrück Regional Association. Bramsche 1990, pp. 277-278.
  • Beatrix Herlemann , Helga Schatz: Biographical Lexicon of Lower Saxony Parliamentarians 1919–1945 (= publications of the Historical Commission for Lower Saxony and Bremen. Volume 222). Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 2004, ISBN 3-7752-6022-6 , pp. 344–345.
  • Helmut Lensing, Art. Ständer, Joseph Benno, in: Study Society for Emsland Regional History (Hrsg.): Emsländische Geschichte. Volume 16, Haselünne 2009, pp. 238-272.
  • Wilhelm Hoon: Between art and politics - the life of the painter Antony Keizer. In: Bentheimer Jahrbuch 1997. Das Bentheimer Land, Volume 139. Bad Bentheim 1996, pp. 49-58.
  • Michael Rademacher: The district leaders of the NSDAP in the Gau Weser-Ems. Marburg 2005.
  • Herbert Wagner : The resignation of the Gildehauser mayor Ernst Buermeyer - at the same time a historical-political lesson about democracy and dictatorship. In: Bentheimer Jahrbuch 1998. Das Bentheimer Land, Volume 143. Bad Bentheim 1997, pp. 211-234.
  • Herbert Wagner: The Gestapo wasn't alone ... Political social control and state terror in the German-Dutch border area 1929–1945. LIT-Verlag, Münster 2004, ISBN 978-3-8258-7448-3 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Herbert Wagner: The Gestapo was not alone: ​​Political social control and state terror in the German-Dutch border area 1929–1945. Volume 22.LIT Verlag, Münster 2004, ISBN 3-8258-7448-6 , p. 169.
  2. ^ Herbert Wagner: The Gestapo was not alone: ​​Political social control and state terror in the German-Dutch border area 1929–1945. Volume 22.LIT Verlag, Münster 2004, ISBN 3-8258-7448-6 , p. 170.
  3. ^ Herbert Wagner: The Gestapo was not alone: ​​Political social control and state terror in the German-Dutch border area 1929–1945. Volume 22.LIT Verlag, Münster 2004, ISBN 3-8258-7448-6 , p. 172.
  4. ^ Herbert Wagner: The Gestapo was not alone: ​​Political social control and state terror in the German-Dutch border area 1929–1945. Volume 22.LIT Verlag, Münster 2004, ISBN 3-8258-7448-6 , p. 171.
  5. ^ Herbert Wagner: The Gestapo was not alone: ​​Political social control and state terror in the German-Dutch border area 1929–1945. Volume 22. LIT Verlag, Münster 2004, ISBN 3-8258-7448-6 , pp. 169–170, note 49.

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Stand, Josef
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Ständer, Josef Benno (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German doctor and politician (NSDAP), MdR
DATE OF BIRTH December 24, 1894
PLACE OF BIRTH Kirchworbis
DATE OF DEATH March 7, 1976
Place of death Guild house