Joseph Mauborgne

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Joseph Mauborgne in the uniform of a major general in the US Army

Joseph Oswald Mauborgne (born February 26, 1881 in Brooklyn , New York City , † June 7, 1971 near Atlanta ) was an American officer and cryptologist .

life and work

Encryption cylinder M-94 in the National Cryptological Museum (NCM) of the USA

In 1914 he published the first known solution of the Playfair encryption and developed in 1918 with Gilbert Vernam , the one-time pad (German: one-time key-method ). In the rank of captain and later a major , he refined the design of the cipher cylinder proposed by his colleague Parker Hitt (1878–1971) for the M-94 cipher system  (photo) , which was finally used in the field in 1921 for the United States Army Signal Corps , i.e. the communications force of the US Army .

After the First World War he continued to contribute to the improvement and perfecting of telecommunications methods within the American army. He held the positions of head of the research and development department of the Signal Corps and the head of the corresponding laboratory at the American calibration authority, the National Bureau of Standards (NBS, now NIST for National Institute of Standards and Technology ). Mauborgne reached the rank of Major General ( English Major General ) in the US Army and was in the period from 1937 to September 30, 1941 immediately until just before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor , chief signal officer of the Army , so boss of the United States Army Signal Corps (American communications force).

During his activity he also supervised the production of the American radars of the type SCR-268 and SCR-270. Just a few months after his retirement discovered on the morning of December 7, 1941, two soldiers of its telecommunications unit to Hawaii using a SCR-270 radar equipment in over 200 km an association of Japanese aircraft that currently on their way to air attack on Pearl Harbor were .

General Joseph Mauborgne died at the age of 90 after a long illness in an old people's home near Atlanta.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Gen. Joseph O. Mauborgne Dies; Chief Signal Officer of the Army . Obituary in the New York Times, June 8, 1971
  2. ^ Fred B. Wrixon: Codes, Ciphers & Other Secret Languages. From the Egyptian hieroglyphs to computer cryptology. Könemann, Cologne 2000, ISBN 3-8290-3888-7 , pp. 610-611.
  3. ^ Fred B. Wrixon: Codes, Ciphers & Other Secret Languages. From the Egyptian hieroglyphs to computer cryptology. Könemann, Cologne 2000, ISBN 3-8290-3888-7 , p. 247.
  4. ↑ Betsy Rohaly Smoot: Parker Hitt's First Cylinder Device and the Genesis of US Army Cylinder and Strip Devices. Cryptologia 39: 4, 2015, p. 315.
  5. ↑ Gen. Joseph O. Mauborgne Dies; Chief Signal Officer of the Army . Obituary in the New York Times, June 8, 1971
  6. ^ Steven M. Bellovin: Frank Miller - Inventor of the One-Time Pad . Cryptologia 35: 3, 2011, p. 217.
  7. ↑ Gen. Joseph O. Mauborgne Dies; Chief Signal Officer of the Army . Obituary in the New York Times, June 8, 1971
personal data
SURNAME Mauborgne, Joseph
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Mauborgne, Joseph Oswald (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American officer and cryptologist
DATE OF BIRTH February 26, 1881
PLACE OF BIRTH Brooklyn , New York City
DATE OF DEATH June 7th 1971
Place of death near Atlanta