Joseph Sauveur
Joseph Sauveur [ soˈvœʀ ] (born March 24, 1653 in La Flèche , † July 9, 1716 in Paris ) was a French scientist and is considered the founder of acoustics as a scientific discipline.
biography
Joseph Sauveur initially studied theology and philosophy in Paris , then switched to medicine and finally devoted himself to mathematics . He worked as a mathematics teacher in Paris and in 1686 took over the chair of mathematics at the Collège Royal . Only after he was elected to the French Academy of Sciences in 1696 did he devote himself to acoustics , which until then had hardly been scientifically researched. This choice of field of activity seems astonishing, because Sauveur was allegedly deaf (probably at least hard of hearing ) and until he was 7 years old toomute .
Researches
The most important research results of Joseph Sauveur are:
- a method of precisely measuring the frequency of pitches by the beat method
- the composition of a tone from a fundamental tone and its overtones and the implementation of this knowledge on organ building
- the research of different (above all equal ) mood systems and as an aid the introduction of the units Méride and Eptaméride for the determination of interval sizes .
Works
All fonts are originally in the annals of the Academy of Sciences of Fontenelle been issued.
- Sur la détermination d'un son fixe. in: Histoire de l'Académie Royale des sciences 1700
- Principes d'acoustique et de musique, ou système général des intervalles des sons. in: Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des sciences 1701
- Application des sons harmoniques à la composition des jeux d'orgues. in: Mémoires ... 1702
- Méthode générale pour former des systèmes tempéré de musique, et du choix de celui qu'on doit suivre. in: Mémoires ... 1707
- Table générale des systèmes tempérés de musique. in: Mémoires ... 1711
- Rapports des sons des cordes d'instruments de musique, aux flêches des cordes; et nouvelles déterminations de sons fixes. in: Mémoires ... 1713
New edition of all works:
- Joseph Sauveur: Collected Writings On Musical Acoustics. Edited by Rudolf Rasch. Utrecht 1984 , ISBN 90-70907-07-0
literature
- Fontenelle: Éloge de Joseph Sauveur. in: Histoire de l'Académie Royale des sciences 1716. ( here in facsimile )
See also
Individual evidence
- ^ List of members since 1666: Letter S. Académie des sciences, accessed on February 25, 2020 (French).
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Sauveur, Joseph |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | French scientist, founder of scientific acoustics |
| DATE OF BIRTH | March 24, 1653 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | La Flèche , France |
| DATE OF DEATH | July 9, 1716 |
| Place of death | Paris , France |