Joseph Trumpeldor
Joseph Trumpeldor (born November 21, jul. / 3. December 1880 greg. In Pyatigorsk , Russian Empire , died on 1. March 1920 in Tel Chai , hebrew יוסף טרומפלדור, Russian Иосиф Владимирович Трумпельдор) was an early Zionist , who for Help in organizing the Jewish Legion was known. He also brought Jewish immigrants to Palestine .
Life
In Russia
Joseph Trumpeldor's father, Wulf Trumpeldor, served as a cantonist in the Caucasus War and was allowed to settle outside the Pale of Settlement as a “useful Jew” . Originally studying to be a dentist , Joseph Trumpeldor joined the Russian army in 1902 . During the Russo-Japanese War , he participated in the siege of Port Arthur , where he lost his left arm and was captured. He later received four medals of bravery, which made him the most awarded Jewish soldier in Russia . In 1906 he became the first Jewish officer in the army.
Emigration to Palestine and First World War
In 1911 he emigrated to Palestine, where he lived for a while in the Degania kibbutz . When the First World War broke out, he emigrated to Egypt , where, together with Vladimir Zeev Jabotinsky, he developed the idea of the Jewish Legion fighting together with Great Britain against their common enemies. As a result of this, the Zion Mule Corps was founded in 1915 , which is regarded as the first united Jewish army and at the same time the cornerstone of the Zahal . Together with the Zion Mule Corps he fought in Gallipoli , where he was wounded in the shoulder. It was disbanded shortly after the corps was transported to Great Britain.
Participation in the Zionist movement
On his return to Russia, he founded Hechalutz , a youth organization that prepared immigrants for the Aliyah ("Ascension to the Promised Land"). He was one of the founders of the Zionist-Socialist movement in Palestine .
death
In 1920 HaSchomer Trumpeldor asked whether he was ready to organize the defense of settlements in the Upper Galilee . The Zionist agreed and drove to Tel Chai , where he was killed during a battle by Shiites from Jabal Amil .
Afterlife
After his death, Trumpeldor became the symbol of Jewish self-defense. His feast day on Adar 11 of the Jewish calendar is still celebrated in Israel today. His last words, “ Never mind, it is good to die for our land” ( ejn dawar; tow lamuth be'ad arzenu ) became very famous in Israel. The city of Kirjat Shmona ("Settlement of Eight") is named after Trumpeldor and the other seven men who died defending Tel Chai. The Trumpeldor Cemetery in Tel Aviv also commemorates Joseph Trumpeldor.
Fonts
- Diaries and letters. Translated from Russian. Jewish publishing house, Berlin 1925.
Literature / sources
- Zwi Kanner: Josef Trumpeldor - a Jewish hero. Vienna 1936.
- John F. Oppenheimer (Red.) And a .: Lexicon of Judaism. 2nd Edition. Bertelsmann Lexikon Verlag, Gütersloh u. a. 1971, ISBN 3-570-05964-2 , col. 815.
Web links
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Trumpeldor, Joseph |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Jewish Zionist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | December 3, 1880 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Pyatigorsk , Russian Empire |
| DATE OF DEATH | March 1, 1920 |
| Place of death | Tel Chai |