Julien Schaller

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Julien Schaller (born October 15, 1807 in Freiburg im Üechtland ; † June 20, 1871 ibid) was a Swiss politician and state councilor of the canton of Friborg .

Life

Schaller was a Roman Catholic and came from a privileged bourgeoisie. Julien's parents were Charles-Joseph Schaller (1773–1842), liberal councilor and mayor (1833, 1834, 1835, 1847, 1838 and 1839), and Marie-Elisabeth, née. Daguet. He married Marie-Jeanne-Ursule Banderet, from a wealthy middle-class family in Freiburg.

From 1813 to 1820 he attended the Rheinau monastery school, which was directed by one of his uncles, Father January Schaller , who later became abbot. Since he was mistreated there and his eldest brother died in Rheinau, Schaller developed a strong anti-clerical stance. After graduating from the St. Michael College , he studied law at the Universities of Freiburg im Breisgau and Heidelberg . He became increasingly interested in forest sciences , which he studied in Munich , Interlaken , Villingen (Black Forest) and Aarau , where he lived with the Zschokke family. In 1830 he passed the examination as a forest engineer in Friborg and became chief forest inspector of the canton. Due to his knowledge of forest science, he wrote the Friborg forest regulations in a different context in 1850. Suffering from poor health and an inflammation that prevented him from walking, he frequently took spa treatments.

Political career

Schaller was a councilor for the city of Freiburg from 1843 to 1847 and a councilor from 1848 to 1866. As a fierce opponent of the Sonderbund , he took part in the radical attempt at insurrection in January 1847 and was arrested. He managed to flee to the canton of Vaud , where his friend, State Councilor Henri Druey , took him in and protected him. In November 1847 he returned to Freiburg with the federal troops and became a member of the seven-member provisional government that exercised power from November 1847 to March 1848 and was chaired by him. Elected to the Council of State by 54 votes out of 62 in 1848, it was confirmed by 45 votes out of 72 in 1855, but resigned when the Conservatives regained power in 1857. In 1848 and 1855 he presided over the government; He rejected several further elections to the head of the executive branch.

In the State Council, Schaller initially headed the Education and Culture Directorate from 1848 to 1850, then from 1850 to 1855 the Education Directorate. He wrote several laws and regulations on the entire school system, which he reorganized in a radical and centralizing sense (Education Act 1848, Organic Regulations on Girls' Schools 1849, Regulations for Primary Schools 1850, Regulations for Kindergartens and Agricultural Education Act 1850, Regulations on school building in 1854, decision on handicrafts in schools in 1855). He was the author of the law of June 1, 1850 on the civil administration of church property. As a result, Schaller headed the finance department from 1856 to 1857 at the time when the canton had to find funding to found a railway company to build the Bern – Friborg – Lausanne line . Schaller and Bielmann negotiated the agreement with the French financier Rothschild, which enabled construction work to begin on April 8, 1856. Schaller was a member of the National Council from 1851 to 1852 and - elected by the Grand Council - Council of States from 1850/1851 and 1855 to 1858. He successfully defended the Friborg railway interests by relying in particular on General Dufour . Due to his merits, the liberal-conservative Grand Council confirmed him in his office as a Council of States in 1857/1858.

Schaller was the spokesman for the implacable and anti-clerical radicals who ruled the State Council from 1848 to 1851. His influence waned after 1851 before the group of more moderate radicals, headed by Léon Pittet . Schaller was, as it were, the soul of the regime, but was hated by liberals and conservatives, who saw in him a Jacobin . As long as his work was not determined too much by ideological fanaticism, it contributed to modernizing the canton, its schools and its economy. With Hubert Charles and Louis de Weck-Reynold , Schaller was one of the most important Freiburg personalities from 1848 to 1880.

He ended his career as director of the Lausanne – Friborg – Berne railway company in 1857 and - in the service of the canton of Bern - as director of the Bernese State Railways from 1857 to 1871. In 1871 he died at the age of 64.

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personal data
SURNAME Schaller, Julien
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schaller, Julien de
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Swiss politician and State Councilor for the Canton of Friborg
DATE OF BIRTH October 15, 1807
PLACE OF BIRTH Freiburg
DATE OF DEATH June 20, 1871
Place of death Freiburg