Julian-Claudian dynasty

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The Roman emperors from Augustus (ruled 31 BC – 14 AD), the founder of the Principate , to Emperor Nero (ruled 54–68 AD) are referred to as the Julian-Claudian dynasty . The name is derived from two ancient Roman families ( gentes ), the Julians and the Claudians . Augustus, who was originally called Gaius Octavius, had become part of the Julian family through his adoption by Gaius Iulius Caesar , which otherwise died out in the male line with the death of Caesar . He in turn was succeeded in AD 14 by his stepson Tiberius , who belonged to the Claudian family through his father Tiberius Claudius Nero .

The Julian-Claudian dynasty includes the descendants of Augustus, his sister Octavia and his wife Livia Drusilla . Relationships are complicated due to the large number of marriages within the family. After Augustus and Tiberius, the emperors Caligula , Claudius and Nero also belonged to the dynasty. Most of the members of the Julio-Claudian dynasty were buried in the Augustus mausoleum in Rome.

Overview of the Julio-Claudian family

Gaius Iulius Caesar had two known children: a daughter named Iulia with Cornelia and Caesarion , a son with Cleopatra . Both children died as young adults without having children of their own. Caesar had at least two sisters (both were called Iulia , see Roman names ), of whom the younger had a daughter named Atia . Atia, in turn, was married to Gaius Octavius and had two children with him: Octavia and Gaius Octavius ​​(who later became Emperor Augustus ).

Octavia was first married to Gaius Claudius Marcellus and had three children with him: Marcus Claudius Marcellus , Claudia Marcella the elder and Claudia Marcella the younger . From her second marriage with Marcus Antonius there are two daughters: Antonia the elder and Antonia the younger . Antonia the Elder had with Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus a son named Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus , father of the emperor Nero. The younger Antonia married the older Drusus and had with him the daughter Livilla , a central figure in dynasty politics, as well as the sons Germanicus and the later emperor Claudius .

Augustus had a daughter named Julia from his second marriage to Scribonia . Julia married her cousin Marcus Claudius Marcellus in her first marriage, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa in her second marriage and her stepbrother, Emperor Tiberius in her third marriage. The marriage to Agrippa had five children: Gaius Caesar , Lucius Caesar , Iulia , Agrippina the elder and Agrippa Postumus . Gaius Caesar married Livilla, Lucius died early, Iulia and Agrippa Postumus were banished. Agrippina the Elder married Germanicus.

family tree

JulioClaudian de.svg

Web links

Commons : Julier  - collection of images, videos and audio files

literature

  • Michael Sommer : Roman History. Second volume: Rome and its empire in the imperial era. Alfred Kröner, Stuttgart 2009, pp. 1–157.
  • MGL Cooley (Ed.): Tiberius to Nero (= LACTOR. Volume 19). The London Association of Classical Teachers, London 2011, ISBN 978-0-903625-34-0 . (Annotated source collection).
  • Babett Edelmann-Singer: The Roman Empire from Tiberius to Nero. Scientific Book Society, Darmstadt 2017, ISBN 978-3-534-26876-4 .