Kingdom of Jórvík
The Kingdom of Jórvík with the capital Jórvík (later York ) was a territory of the Normans in northern England . In addition to their actual territory (essentially Northumbria ), the kings also controlled the area around Dublin , the Isle of Man and the Five Boroughs of Mercia at times . Conversely, the kings of Dublin also sat on the throne, the kings of Wessex annexed the area, downgrading the title to that of Earl of York .
history
York was founded by the Romans in AD 71 as Eboracum , which probably means “place of the yew trees” . After the departure of the Romans, the Anglo-Saxons made it the capital of the Kingdom of Deira , which then became part of the Kingdom of Northumbria . In November 866 it wascapturedby the Great Pagan Army of the Danish Vikings whohad landedin East Anglia . From there they went straight north, with the assistance of Edmund the Martyr , King of East Anglia , who provided horses for them. He wanted to prevent the Vikings from invading East Anglia and at the same timereceivesupport against the rival for supremacy in the heptarchy .
The rivals for royal dignity in Northumbria agreed on a truce in order to retake the city in March 867. The attack failed and the Vikings were able to extend their influence over the kingdom of Deira while the court of Northumbria fled to the northern part of the country, to Bernicia .
The Viking attacks from Mercia in 869 then failed, as did their large-scale attack on Wessex , due to the resistance of King Æþelræd I and King Alfred the Great .
Jórvík became the capital of a small but prosperous kingdom that was incorporated into the Danelag . When Guthrum took to the field against East Anglia, Halfdan Ragnarsson was left as king. During the reign of Halfdans, Jórvík was regarded as the "Danish Empire", but it was subsequently left to the Norwegians, who also had to fight for it. The Danes took over the Kingdom of East Anglia for this. The "Five Boroughs" were a kind of buffer zone between the two realms. Northern England remained under Norwegian influence until Harald III. fell of Norway at the Battle of Stamford Bridge in 1066.
The place where the palace of the Norman kings was built is known as “Konungsgårthr” and is now known as “Kings Square”. The Kingdom of Jórvík was founded in England in 954 , but without this having diminished its economic success. Around the turn of the first millennium , only London had more people living in the British Isles . Jórvík only lost his independence under William the Conqueror .
Kings of Jórvík
- Halfdan Ragnarsson , 875-877
- 877-883 possibly interregnum
- Guthfrith I., 877 or 883–894 with:
- Sigfrith 883–?
- Knut Röriksson , 894-?
- Ethelwald, early 10th century
-
Halfdan II. Haraldsson , 902–910 with:
- Eowils, 902-910
- Ivar, 902-910
- Ragnald I., 912 / 9-921
- Sihtric the Blind, 921–927, King of Dublin
- Guthfrith II Sihtricsson, 927, King of Dublin
- Part of England 927-939
- Olaf Guthfrithsson , 939–941, King of Dublin
- Olav II , 941–943, King of Dublin
- Ragnald II, 943-944
- Olav II (2nd time) 944
- To England 944-948
- Erik Blutaxt , 948–949, King of Norway
- Olav II (3rd time) 949-952
- Erik Blood Ax (again) 952-954
swell
- The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle . Versions A, B, C, D, E and H (old English original texts) The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (English translation, compiled from different versions)
literature
- Clare Downham: Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland. The Dynasty of Ívarr to AD 1014 . Dunedin Academic Press Ltd, Edinburgh 2007, ISBN 978-1-903765-89-0 .
- James Graham-Campbell (Ed.): The Vikings . Bechtermünz Verlag im Weltbild Verlag GmbH, Augsburg 1997, ISBN 3-86047-789-7 (series: Bildatlas der Weltkulturen).
- Dawn M. Hadley: The Vikings in England. Settlement, society and culture . Manchester University Press, Manchester 2006, ISBN 978-0-7190-5982-7 .
- John Haywood: The Penguin Historical Atlas of the Vikings . Penguin Books Ltd., Harmondsworth 1995, ISBN 0-670-86463-3 .
- F. Donald Logan: The Vikings in History . Philipp Reclam jun., Stuttgart 1987, ISBN 3-15-010342-8 .
- Christian Uebach: The landings of the Anglo-Saxons, the Vikings and the Normans in England. A comparative analysis . Tectum Verlag, Marburg 2003, ISBN 3-8288-8559-4 .