Calendar of Umma
In contrast to the Babylonian calendar , the calendar of the southern Mesopotamian city of Umma began with the fourth month, which in Umma was called Nesag and included processions as the only festival month . These were dedicated to the city god Šara . In documents from the Ur-III period , the month of Nesag was associated with the additional designation New Year . The importance of Nesag as firstfruits in Umma was linked to the end of the harvest as a harvest festival in August .
The Šara festival of the month of Nezag took place in the first month of the new year, which was divided into two unequal annual periods. The first "half of the year" comprised the calendar months 4 (August) to 12 ( April ), the second part of the year the months 1 ( May ) to 3 ( July ).
Month names
Month names in different epochs and regions | ||||
Month no. | Babylonian calendar | Umma calendar | Ur-III calendar | Lagaš calendar |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Nisannu | Še-gur 10 -ku 5 | Maš-du-ku | Gan-maš |
2 | Ajaru | Sig 4 -giš-i-šub-ba-gar | Šeš-da-ku | Gu 4 -du-bi-sar-sar |
3 | Simanu | Še-kar-ra-gal-la | U 5 -bi-ku | Ezen- d Li 9 -si 4 |
4th | You'uzu | Nesag | Ki-sig- d Nin-a-zu | Šu-numun |
5 | Abu | RI | Ezen- d Nin-a-zu | Munu x - (DIM 4 ) -cu |
6th | Ululu | Šu-numun | A-ki-ti | Ezen d Dumu-zi |
7th | Tašritu | Min-eš | Ezen- d Sul-gi | Ezen- d Sul-gi |
8th | Araḫsamna | e-iti-6 | Šu-eš-ša | Ezen- d Ba-ba 6 |
9 | Kislimu | Ezen- d Li 9 -si 4 | Ezen-maḫ | Mu-šu-you 7 |
10 | Tebetu | Ezen- d Sul-gi | Ezen-an-na | Amar-aa-si |
11 | Sabatu | Pap-ue | Ezen-me-ki-gal | Še-gur 10 -ku 5 |
12 | Addaru | Ezen d Dumu-zi | Še-gur 10 -ku 5 | E-il-la |
literature
- Hermann Hunger : Calendar . In: Dietz-Otto Edzard (Hrsg.): Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Aräologie . Vol. 5. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1980, ISBN 3-11-007192-4 , pp. 297-303.
- Walther Sallaberger : New Year (sfest). A. According to Sumerian sources. In: Dietz-Otto Edzard (Hrsg.): Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Aräologie . Vol. 9. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2001, ISBN 3-11-017296-8 , pp. 291-294, here p. 293.