Calendar of Umma

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In contrast to the Babylonian calendar , the calendar of the southern Mesopotamian city ​​of Umma began with the fourth month, which in Umma was called Nesag and included processions as the only festival month . These were dedicated to the city god Šara . In documents from the Ur-III period , the month of Nesag was associated with the additional designation New Year . The importance of Nesag as firstfruits in Umma was linked to the end of the harvest as a harvest festival in August .

The Šara festival of the month of Nezag took place in the first month of the new year, which was divided into two unequal annual periods. The first "half of the year" comprised the calendar months 4 (August) to 12 ( April ), the second part of the year the months 1 ( May ) to 3 ( July ).

Month names

Month names in different epochs and regions
Month no. Babylonian calendar Umma calendar Ur-III calendar Lagaš calendar
1 Nisannu Še-gur 10 -ku 5 Maš-du-ku Gan-maš
2 Ajaru Sig 4 -giš-i-šub-ba-gar Šeš-da-ku Gu 4 -du-bi-sar-sar
3 Simanu Še-kar-ra-gal-la U 5 -bi-ku Ezen- d Li 9 -si 4
4th You'uzu Nesag Ki-sig- d Nin-a-zu Šu-numun
5 Abu RI Ezen- d Nin-a-zu Munu x - (DIM 4 ) -cu
6th Ululu Šu-numun A-ki-ti Ezen d Dumu-zi
7th Tašritu Min-eš Ezen- d Sul-gi Ezen- d Sul-gi
8th Araḫsamna e-iti-6 Šu-eš-ša Ezen- d Ba-ba 6
9 Kislimu Ezen- d Li 9 -si 4 Ezen-maḫ Mu-šu-you 7
10 Tebetu Ezen- d Sul-gi Ezen-an-na Amar-aa-si
11 Sabatu Pap-ue Ezen-me-ki-gal Še-gur 10 -ku 5
12 Addaru Ezen d Dumu-zi Še-gur 10 -ku 5 E-il-la

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