Scallops

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Scallops
Scallops

Scallops

Systematics
Class : Mussels (Bivalvia)
Subclass : Autolamellibranchiata
Subclass : Pteriomorphia
Order : Pectinida
Superfamily : Pectinoidea
Family : Scallops
Scientific name
Pectinidae
Wilkes , 1810

The scallops (Pectinidae) are a family of the order Pectinida within the mussels (Bivalvia).

features

Scallop with eyes on the edge of the coat

The housings, which are equally or slightly differently folded, are fan-shaped, rounded or egg-shaped, and medium-sized to large. They are often almost equilateral or only slightly unequal. Often one valve is slightly more convex than the other valve. The vortex forms the tip of the fan or sits approximately in the middle on the upper edge. On both sides of the vertebra, wing-shaped cupped appendages are formed, the so-called ears. They can be almost the same size or very different in size. The anterior ear of the right valve often shows a more or less large incision for the byssus. The species live free, sometimes floating up, or pinned with byssus or cemented to solid ground with the right flap. The lock edge has no teeth.

The types of scallops only have one large sphincter muscle ("monomyar") and therefore only one large sphincter muscle imprint. The shell is usually solid, but it can also be thinner and brittle. The ornamentation very often consists of radial ribs of different intensity and design or undulations of the shell as well as mostly subordinate concentric growth strips or ribs; The concentric ornamentation is seldom stronger than the radial ornamentation. Most species have striking markings on the surface, often of different colors. Usually the upper left flap is more intensely colored than the lower right flap. The insides are mostly white, but can also have colored patterns.

A striking feature of the scallops are their numerous eyes on the edge of the coat. That is why they have a correspondingly developed nervous system with a concentration of ganglia in the visceral area. In addition, when a predator, for example a starfish , approaches, many species are able to swim and escape the danger by quickly folding the shells together several times.

Economical meaning

Some species are of great economic importance. The sphincter muscles and gonads of the mussels are eaten (see also under scallop ).

Meaning in symbolism

The Shell Group uses a stylized scallop with a downward-pointing swirl as its company logo. In heraldry , too , the scallop, always representing the scallop , occurs as a heraldic animal . It is the pilgrim character par excellence and is used as signposts of the Way of St. James used.

Amusium cristatum
Tiger scallop ( Palliolum tigerinum )
Fossil pectinide clam ( East Timor )

Systematics

The taxon had already been introduced into scientific literature by John Wilkes as Pectinoidae in 1810 . It is generally considered a valid taxon. According to the MolluscaBase, the following subfamilies and genera are included in the scallop family:

supporting documents

literature

  • S. Peter Dance, Rudo von Cosel (arrangement of the German edition): The great book of sea shells. 304 p., Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, 1977 ISBN 3-8001-7000-0 (p. 231)
  • Rudolf Kilias: Lexicon marine mussels and snails. 2nd edition, 340 p., Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1997 ISBN 3-8001-7332-8 (p. 232)
  • Fritz Nordsieck : The European sea shells (Bivalvia). From the Arctic Ocean to Cape Verde, the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea. 256 p., Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart 1969 (p. 46)
  • Guido T. Poppe and Y. Goto: European Seashells. Vol II (Scaphopoda, Bivalvia, Cephalopoda). 221 pp., Verlag Christa Hemmen, Wiesbaden, 1993 ISBN 3-925919-11-2

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Fritz Gosselck, Alexander Darr, Jürgen HJ Jungbluth, Michael Zettler: Trivial names for mollusks of the sea and brackish water in Germany. Mollusca, 27 (1): 3-32, 2009 PDF (p. 23/24)
  2. ↑ John Wilkes: Encyclopædia Londinensis; or, universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature: Comprehending, under one general alphabetical arrangement, all the words and substance of every kind of dictionary extant in the English language. In which the improved departments of the mechanical arts, the liberal sciences, the higher mathematics, and the several branches of polite literature, are selected from the acts, memoirs, and transactions, of the most eminent literary societies, in Europe, Asia, and America ... Embellished by a most magnificent set of copper-plate engravings ... Together with a comprehensive system of heraldry, finely illuminated ... Compiled, digested, and arranged, by John Wilkes ... assisted by eminent scholars of the English, Scotch, and Irish Universities. London: printed for the Proprietor, by J. Adlard, Duke-Street, West Smithfield: sold at the Encyclopædia Office, Ave-Maria-Lane, St. Paul's; by J. White, Fleet-Street; and Champante and Whitrow, Jewry-Street, Aldgate, 1810-1829. Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org (p. 32)
  3. ↑ a b MolluscaBase: Pectinidae Rafinesque, 1815 (recte Wilkes, 1810)

Web links

Commons : Scallops  - Collection of images, videos, and audio files
Wiktionary: scallop  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations