Scallops
Scallops | ||||||||||||
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Scallops |
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Pectinidae | ||||||||||||
Wilkes , 1810 |
The scallops (Pectinidae) are a family of the order Pectinida within the mussels (Bivalvia).
features
The housings, which are equally or slightly differently folded, are fan-shaped, rounded or egg-shaped, and medium-sized to large. They are often almost equilateral or only slightly unequal. Often one valve is slightly more convex than the other valve. The vortex forms the tip of the fan or sits approximately in the middle on the upper edge. On both sides of the vertebra, wing-shaped cupped appendages are formed, the so-called ears. They can be almost the same size or very different in size. The anterior ear of the right valve often shows a more or less large incision for the byssus. The species live free, sometimes floating up, or pinned with byssus or cemented to solid ground with the right flap. The lock edge has no teeth.
The types of scallops only have one large sphincter muscle ("monomyar") and therefore only one large sphincter muscle imprint. The shell is usually solid, but it can also be thinner and brittle. The ornamentation very often consists of radial ribs of different intensity and design or undulations of the shell as well as mostly subordinate concentric growth strips or ribs; The concentric ornamentation is seldom stronger than the radial ornamentation. Most species have striking markings on the surface, often of different colors. Usually the upper left flap is more intensely colored than the lower right flap. The insides are mostly white, but can also have colored patterns.
A striking feature of the scallops are their numerous eyes on the edge of the coat. That is why they have a correspondingly developed nervous system with a concentration of ganglia in the visceral area. In addition, when a predator, for example a starfish , approaches, many species are able to swim and escape the danger by quickly folding the shells together several times.
Economical meaning
Some species are of great economic importance. The sphincter muscles and gonads of the mussels are eaten (see also under scallop ).
Meaning in symbolism
The Shell Group uses a stylized scallop with a downward-pointing swirl as its company logo. In heraldry , too , the scallop, always representing the scallop , occurs as a heraldic animal . It is the pilgrim character par excellence and is used as signposts of the Way of St. James used.
Systematics
The taxon had already been introduced into scientific literature by John Wilkes as Pectinoidae in 1810 . It is generally considered a valid taxon. According to the MolluscaBase, the following subfamilies and genera are included in the scallop family:
- Scallops family (Pectinidae Wilkes, 1810)
- Subfamily Camptonectinae Habe, 1927
- Genus Camptonectes Agassiz, 1864
- Genus Ciclopecten Seguenza, 1877
- Genus Delectopecten Stewart, 1930
- Delectopecten vitreus (Gmelin, 1791)
- Genus Hyalopecten Verrill, 1897
- Hyalopecten frigidus (Jensen, 1904)
- Hyalopecten pudicus (EA Smith, 1885)
- Genus Pseudohinnites Dijkstra, 1989
- Genus Sinepecten Schein, 2006
- Subfamily Palliolinae Korobkov, 1960
- Tribus Adamussiini Habe, 1977
- Genus Adamussium Thiele, 1934
- Genus Antarctipecten Beu & Taviani, 2013 †
- Genus Duplipecten Marwick, 1928 †
- Genus Lentipecten Marwick, 1928 †
- Genus Leoclunipecten Beu & Taviani, 2013 †
- Genus Ruthipecten Beu & Taviani, 2013 †
- Tribus Eburneopectinini TR Waller, 2006 †
- Genus Eburneopecten Conrad, 1865 †
- Tribus Mesopeplini TR Waller, 2006 †
- Genus Kaparachlamys Boreham, 1965 †
- Genus Mesopeplum Iredale, 1929
- Genus Phialopecten Marwick, 1928 †
- Genus Sectipecten Marwick, 1928 †
- Genus Towaipecten Beu, 1995 †
- Tribe Palliolini Korobkov, 1960
- Genus Karnekampia HP Wagner, 1988
- Karnekampia sulcata (Müller, 1776)
- Genus Lissochlamys Sacco, 1897
- Genus Palliolum Monterosato, 1884
- Palliolum incomparabile (Risso, 1826)
- Palliolum striatum (Müller, 1776)
- Tiger scallop ( Palliolum tigerinum (OF Müller, 1776))
- Genus Placopecten Verrill, 1897
- Genus Pseudamussium Mörch, 1853
- Wavy scallop ( Pseudamussium clavatum (Poli, 1795))
- Seven-pointed scallop ( Pseudamussium peslutrae (Linnaeus, 1771))
- Genus Karnekampia HP Wagner, 1988
- Tribus Serripectinini TR Waller, 2006
- Genus Janupecten Marwick, 1928 †
- Genus Serripecten Marwick, 1928 †
- Tribus Adamussiini Habe, 1977
- Subfamily: Pectininae Wilkes, 1810
- Tribus Aequipectinini F. Nordsieck, 1969
- Genus Aequipecten Fischer, 1886
- Small pilgrim mussel ( Aequipecten opercularis (Linnaeus, 1758))
- Genus Argopecten Monterosato, 1889
- Genus Cryptopecten Dall, Bartsch & Rehder, 1938
- Genus Flexopecten Sacco, 1897
- Genus Haumea Dall, Bartsch & Rehder, 1938
- Genus Leptopecten Verrill, 1897
- Genus Volachlamys Iredale, 1939
- Genus Aequipecten Fischer, 1886
- Tribus Amusiini Ridewood, 1903
- Genus Amusium Röding, 1798
- Genus Dentamussium Dijkstra, 1990
- Genus Euvola Dall, 1898
- Zigzag scallop ( Euvola ziczac (Linnaeus, 1758))
- Genus Leopecten Masuda, 1971
- Genus Ylistrum Mynhardt & Alejandrino, 2014
- Tribus Austrochlamydini Jonkers, 2003
- Genus Austrochlamys Jonkers, 2003
- Tribus Decatopectinini TR Waller, 2006
- Genus Anguipecten Dall, Bartsch & Rehder, 1938
- Genus Antillipecten Waller, 2011
- Genus Bractechlamys Iredale, 1939
- Genus Decatopecten GB Sowerby II, 1839
- Genus Excellichlamys Iredale, 1939
- Genus Glorichlamys Dijkstra, 1991
- Genus Gloripallium Iredale, 1939
- Genus Juxtamusium Iredale, 1939
- Genus Lyropecten Conrad, 1862
- Genus Mirapecten Dall, Bartsch & Rehder, 1938
- Genus Nodipecten Dall, 1898
- Tribus Pectinini Rafinesque, 1815
- Genus Annachlamys Iredale, 1939
- Genus Gigantopecten Rovereto, 1899 †
- Genus Minnivola Iredale, 1939
- Genus Oopecten Sacco, 1897 †
- Genus Oppenheimopecten Teppner, 1922 †
- Genus Pecten OF Müller, 1776
- Mediterranean clam ( Pecten jacobaeus (Linnaeus, 1758))
- Great pilgrim mussel ( Pecten maximus )
- Genus Serratovola Habe, 1951
- Tribus Aequipectinini F. Nordsieck, 1969
- Subfamily Pedinae Bronn, 1862
- Tribe Chlamydini by Teppner, 1922
- Genus Austrohinnites Beu & Darragh, 2001 †
- Genus Azumapecten Habe, 1977
- Genus Chlamys Röding, 1798
- Icelandic scallop ( Chlamys islandica (OF Müller, 1776))
- Genus Chokekenia Santelli & del Río, 2018 †
- Genus Ckaraosippur Santelli & del Río, 2019 †
- Genus Complicachlamys Iredale, 1939
- Genus Coralichlamys Iredale, 1939
- Genus Dietotenhosen Santelli & del Río, 2019 †
- Genus Equichlamys Iredale, 1929
- Genus Hemipecten Adams & Reeve, 1848
- Genus Hinnites Defrance, 1821
- Genus Laevichlamys Waller, 1993
- Genus Manupecten Monterosato, 1872
- Genus Moirechlamys Santelli & del Río, 2018 †
- Genus Notochlamys Cotton, 1930
- Genus Pascahinnites Dijkstra & Raines, 1999
- Genus Pixiechlamys Santelli & del Río, 2018 †
- Genus Scaeochlamys Iredale, 1929
- Genus Semipallium Lamy, 1928
- Genus Swiftopecten Hertlein, 1935
- Genus Talochlamys Iredale, 1929
- Humped scallop ( Talochlamys pusio (Linnaeus, 1758))
- Genus Veprichlamys Iredale, 1929
- Genus Zygochlamys Ihering, 1907
- Tribus Crassadomini TR Waller, 2006
- Genus Caribachlamys TR Waller, 1993
- Genus Crassadoma FR Bernard, 1986
- Tribus Fortipectinini Masuda, 1963
- Genus Mizuhopecten Masuda, 1963
- Genus Patinopecten Dall, 1898
- Tribus Mimachlamydini TR Waller, 1993
- Genus Mimachlamys Iredale, 1929
- Colorful scallop ( Mimachlamys varia (Linnaeus, 1758))
- Genus Spathochlamys TR Waller, 1993
- Genus Mimachlamys Iredale, 1929
- Tribus Pedini Bronn, 1831
- Genus Pedum Bruguière, 1791
- Tribe Chlamydini by Teppner, 1922
- Subfamily and tribe incertae sedies
- Genus Athlopecten Marwick, 1928 †
- Genus Lamellipecten Dijkstra & Maestrati, 2010
- Subfamily Camptonectinae Habe, 1927
Mediterranean pilgrim mussel ( Pecten jacobaeus ), "lower", flat flap
Small pilgrim mussel ( Aequipecten opercularis )
Colorful scallop ( Chlamys varia ), most common color with well-preserved scales
supporting documents
literature
- S. Peter Dance, Rudo von Cosel (arrangement of the German edition): The great book of sea shells. 304 p., Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, 1977 ISBN 3-8001-7000-0 (p. 231)
- Rudolf Kilias: Lexicon marine mussels and snails. 2nd edition, 340 p., Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1997 ISBN 3-8001-7332-8 (p. 232)
- Fritz Nordsieck : The European sea shells (Bivalvia). From the Arctic Ocean to Cape Verde, the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea. 256 p., Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart 1969 (p. 46)
- Guido T. Poppe and Y. Goto: European Seashells. Vol II (Scaphopoda, Bivalvia, Cephalopoda). 221 pp., Verlag Christa Hemmen, Wiesbaden, 1993 ISBN 3-925919-11-2
Individual evidence
- ↑ Fritz Gosselck, Alexander Darr, Jürgen HJ Jungbluth, Michael Zettler: Trivial names for mollusks of the sea and brackish water in Germany. Mollusca, 27 (1): 3-32, 2009 PDF (p. 23/24)
- ↑ John Wilkes: Encyclopædia Londinensis; or, universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature: Comprehending, under one general alphabetical arrangement, all the words and substance of every kind of dictionary extant in the English language. In which the improved departments of the mechanical arts, the liberal sciences, the higher mathematics, and the several branches of polite literature, are selected from the acts, memoirs, and transactions, of the most eminent literary societies, in Europe, Asia, and America ... Embellished by a most magnificent set of copper-plate engravings ... Together with a comprehensive system of heraldry, finely illuminated ... Compiled, digested, and arranged, by John Wilkes ... assisted by eminent scholars of the English, Scotch, and Irish Universities. London: printed for the Proprietor, by J. Adlard, Duke-Street, West Smithfield: sold at the Encyclopædia Office, Ave-Maria-Lane, St. Paul's; by J. White, Fleet-Street; and Champante and Whitrow, Jewry-Street, Aldgate, 1810-1829. Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org (p. 32)
- ↑ a b MolluscaBase: Pectinidae Rafinesque, 1815 (recte Wilkes, 1810)