Cap pitta
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Cap pitta ( Pitta sordida ) |
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| ( Statius Müller , 1776) |
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The cap pitta ( Pitta sordida ) is a passerine bird of the genus Pitta within the family of the Pittas (Pittidae). It is widespread in East , Southeast Asia and the Malay Archipelago and lives in various forest forms, but also on plantations and other agricultural areas. In the large distribution area of the cap pittas, several subspecies are distinguished, which differ in the color of the cap, the sides of the body and the lower abdomen.
The population of the Kappenpittas was classified in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species in 2016 as “ Least Concern (LC) ” = “not endangered”.
description
The cap pitta reaches a length of 16 to 19 centimeters and a weight of 42 to 70 grams. Its body shape is typical of species from the Pittas family. The legs are high and strong. The stump tail looks like it has been cut off. The beak is of medium length and pointed slightly downwards. The head is large in proportion to the body, but the neck is so short that the cap pitta has the squat shape typical of Pittas. The wings are short and rounded. They protrude just above the control springs .
The hood and neck are reddish brown, the rest of the head and throat are black. Chest, flanks, back and wing-top feathers are dark greenish, the latter with a light band. The rump and the bow of the wing are blue. The flight feathers are black, as are the tail feathers , which have a blue-green tip. The under tail-coverts are red, the lower abdomen black or red, and the feet are pale brown to pink.
Fledglings are dashed dark brown and dull chestnut brown on the forehead and crown. The back is blackish green like that of the adult birds, but the rump is pale blue. They change into the plumage of the adult birds when they are about a month old. They then still have individual brown feathers on their heads and the red of the belly is less pronounced than in adult birds.
Distribution area, subspecies and habitat
The distribution area of the Kappenpittas is Southeast Asia and the Malay Archipelago. Several subspecies are distinguished in the range. They differ in the coloring of the cap in black or brown, the flank and belly drawing, which can be red or black.
- The nominate form Pitta sordida sordida described above occurs in the Philippines.
- P. s. cucullata is found in northern India, Myanmar, southern China, northern Vietnam, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos. It also reaches Sumatra and Java on seasonal hikes.
- P. s. abbotti is limited to the Nicobar Islands .
- P. s. mulleri occurs in southern Thailand, northern Malaysia, Sumatra, West Java and Borneo.
- P. s. bankana occurs on the Indonesian islands of Belitung and Bangka .
- P. s. palawensis is a bird from the western Philippines
- P. s. sanghirana is another island subspecies found in the Sangihe Islands
- P. s. forsteni occurs on Sulawesi.
- P. s. novaeguiniae is a bird of New Guinea.
- P. s. mefoorana occurs on Numfor.
- P. s. rosenbergi is a subspecies with a distribution on the island of Biak
- P. s. goodfellowi occurs on Aru.
Cap pittas are common birds in places. In Thailand 10 pairs are counted per 100 hectares, in New Guinea even up to 30 pairs.
Kappenpittas are basically forest dwellers that occur regionally up to altitudes of 2000 meters. They prefer to colonize primary forest, but can also be found in secondary forests, bush landscapes and even cultivated landscapes.
Food and way of life
The cap pitta feeds on various insects (including their larvae ) that they hunt for on the ground, as well as berries . In the breeding season they build nests on the ground or near the ground. The nest is spherical and closed at the top. Typical building materials are moss, bamboo leaves, small twigs and roots. The clutch comprises three to four eggs. These are white to gray in color and speckled brownish to purple in color. The nestlings hatch after an incubation period of 15 to 16 days. The young birds leave the nest when they are just over two weeks old.
Cap pitta and human
attitude
The European first breeding succeeded in the 1930s by the ornithologist Jean Delacour . Delacour kept the pair in a 12 by 4.5 meter tropical aviary with 45 other bird species, including hummingbirds and quail.
Cap pittas were shown in the Berlin Zoo as early as 1904 and can still be seen occasionally in zoos. Johannes Erritzøe and Helga Erritzøe called it the most frequently kept Pitts species in 1998. In 2011, Pagel and Marcordes estimated the number of cap pittas kept at less than 50 in zoological gardens and less than 10 in private hands. The keeping of the cap pittas is demanding because, as a soil-living and territorial species, which can also lead to internal aggression, they are dependent on a sufficiently large and densely planted aviary with a minimum temperature of 20 degrees. There is a stud book for the species, which is kept at Burgers' Zoo , Arnhem, Netherlands.
Dedication names
The names of several subspecies honor some naturalists:
- P. s. abbotti is reminiscent of the American physician , naturalist and ornithologist William Louis Abbott (1860-1936), who undertook extensive research trips to Southeast Asia after 1890 and put on a rich biological and ethnological collections, a large part of which he bequeathed to the Smithsonian Institution .
- P. s. Mulleri honors the German zoologist Salomon Müller (1804–1863) who, after a 10-year research trip to Southeast Asia, brought a very large number of zoological exhibits with him on his return in 1837. His ornithological yield for the Leiden museum alone amounted to 6,500 bird skins , 700 skeletons , 150 nests and 400 eggs .
- P. s. forsteni is reminiscent of the young Dutch scientist Eltio Alegondas Forsten (1811–1843), who from 1838 until his death in East Asia mainly collected exhibits of local flora, but also sent zoological exhibits to his clients.
- P. s. rosenbergi honors the German naturalist Hermann von Rosenberg (1817–1888), whose research area was the Dutch East Indies .
- P. s. goodfellowi is reminiscent of the Briton Walter Goodfellow (1866–1953), who for 40 years collected exhibits for museums and caught animals for zoological gardens. His most important achievement is the discovery of the mikado pheasant . The Goodfellow tree kangaroo also reminds of him.
literature
- Johannes Erritzøe and Helga Erritzøe: Pittas of the World - A Monograph on the Pitta Family. The Lutterworth Press, Cambridge 1998, ISBN 0-7188-2961-1 .
- Theo Pagel , Bernd Marcordes: Exotic soft-eaters. Eugen Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 2011, ISBN 978-3-8001-5192-9 .
- W. Grummt , H. Strehlow (Ed.): Zoo animal keeping birds. Verlag Harri Deutsch, Frankfurt am Main 2009, ISBN 978-3-8171-1636-2 .
Web links
- Videos, photos and sound recordings of Pitta sordida in the Internet Bird Collection
- Pitta sordida inthe IUCN 2013 Red List of Threatened Species . Posted by: BirdLife International, 2010. Retrieved October 8, 2016.
- Pittas: Pittidae - Hooded Pitta (Pitta sordida): Species Accounts
- Kappenpitta's voice on Xeno-Canto
Single receipts
- ↑ Pitta sordida in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2016 Posted by: BirdLife International, 2010. Retrieved on February 26 2018th
- ↑ Erritzøe & Erritzøe: Pittas of the World. P. 103.
- ↑ a b c Pagel, Marcordes: Exotic soft-eaters. P. 92.
- ↑ a b Pagel, Marcordes: Exotic soft-eaters. P. 93.
- ↑ a b Erritzoe & Erritzoe: Pittas of the World. P. 108.
- ↑ Pagel, Marcordes: Exotic soft-eaters. P. 39.
- ↑ Bo Beolens: Whose Bird? Men and Women Commemorated in the Common Names of Birds. Christopher Helm, London 2003, p. 205.