Karl Marx (composer)

Karl Marx (born November 12, 1897 in Munich ; † May 8, 1985 in Stuttgart ) was a German composer and music teacher .

Life

Karl Marx was the son of the chief tax secretary Josef Marx and his wife Emilie, geb. Eheberg.

After early violin and piano lessons, Karl Marx first studied natural sciences in 1916 at the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich . The encounter with Carl Orff , where he took private composition lessons after the First World War, was decisive for his decision to turn to music professionally. 1920–22 Marx studied composition with Anton Beer-Walbrunn and conducting with Eberhard Schwickerath and Siegmund von Hausegger at the Academy of Music in Munich . From 1924 to 1935 Marx was solo repetitor in Felix von Kraus ' singing class, from 1935 to 1939 he led his own interpretation class for lieder and oratorio singers at the Academy of Music in Munich, where he also taught harmony and form from 1929 to 1939. From 1928–39 he directed the choir of the Munich Bach Society, until 1931 with Edwin Fischer , until 1933 with Carl Orff.

During this time, Rainer Maria Rilke's texts were first set to music , and Marx had his first great success with the Rilke motet Werkfolk We Are Op. 6 at the Tonkünstlerfest in Schwerin in 1928 and at the music festival of the International Society for New Music in Geneva in 1929.

As a result, works by leading interpreters were performed, including the piano concerto op. 9 by Edwin Fischer under Eugen Jochum , the viola concerto op. 10 in Berlin under Hermann Scherchen and the Passacaglia op. 19 by the Berlin Philharmonic under Wilhelm Furtwängler .

In 1932 Marx was awarded the Munich City Music Prize.

After 1933, Marx found himself defamed by the National Socialist press, and his name gradually disappeared from the concert programs. Looking back, he wrote to Fred K. Prieberg in 1963 : “[...] my works - especially the larger ones - disappeared almost completely from the concert programs after the 'takeover', which is probably less due to the style of the works than to my 'aggressive' name should be ".

Since he did not belong to the party, he could not expect any further professional future at the Academy of Music. He accepted a position at the newly founded University of Music Education in Graz, where he taught composition, form theory and composition from 1940 to 1945.

The compositional focus increasingly shifted to choral and amateur music, including the Rilke cantata on words from the Book of Hours op. 43, 1942. One of the best-known songs by Marx is Every Morning The Sun Rises in the words of Hermann Claudius .

The claims that Michael H. Kater makes in his controversial book The Abused Muse about the alleged Nazi past of Karl Marx do not stand up to scrutiny and can only be described as a falsification of history.

From 1946 to 1966 Marx taught composition and composition at the State University of Music in Stuttgart , since 1955 as head of the school music department. In 1953 the cantata And yet everything ends with peace based on words from Hyperion by Friedrich Hölderlin for solos, choir and orchestra op. 52 was premiered. In 1954, Marx was appointed to the German Music Council (1977 Honorary Council). In 1963 he was guest of honor at the German Academy " Villa Massimo " in Rome for 3 months . In 1966 he was awarded the Federal Cross of Merit, 1st class.

Karl Marx mentions two traits that characterize his music: frugality in the use of means and constructive thinking, and continues: “Next to this is the commitment to melody, which is just as influenced by the use of the folk song as it is by the encounter with the pre-classical Polyphony". This characterizes a style which - always based on vocal ductus - conveys a very independent sound image through its high transparency. This in turn corresponds to the texts that Marx chooses for his vocal compositions. He prefers poets like Rilke and Hölderlin, who have a high level of linguistic musicality, which he senses on the one hand, and whose expressive power is redesigned through musical means on the other.

Works (selection)

Works for orchestra

• Passacaglia op.19 (1932)
• Festive Prelude op. 34/1 (1936/39)
• 15 variations on a German folk song "What shall we do for the evening?" Op. 34/2 (1938)
• Music for string orchestra based on alpine folk songs (1940)
• Partita for string orchestra on "Es ist ein Ros sprung" (1953)
• Festive Prelude (1956)
• Concerto for string orchestra (1964), (new version of Passacaglia op.19)
• Fantasia sinfonica op.67 (1967), (new version 1969)
• Fantasia semiseria op.75 (1977)
• Reflections for string orchestra on the motet
• "Lord, you search me" after Psalm 139 op. 77a (1980)

Concerts

• Concerto for two violins and orchestra in A minor, op.5 (1926)
• Concerto for Piano and Orchestra in E minor, Op. 9 (1929), (revised 1980)
• Concerto for Viola and Orchestra in C minor op.10 (1929)
• Concerto for Violin and Orchestra in C major, Op. 24 (1935)
• Concerto for flute and string orchestra in E flat major, op.32 (1937)
• Fantasia concertante for violin, violoncello and orchestra op.68 (1972)

Music for wind instruments

• Divertimento for 16 wind instruments op.21 (1934)
• Tower music for three trumpets and three trombones; Timpani ad lib. Op. 37/1 (1938)
• Wind music in four movements for three trumpets and three trombones (1975)

Chamber music

Duos

• Sonatina in G for violin and piano op. 48/2 (1948)
• Sonatina in C for flute and piano op. 48/3 (1949)
• Sonatina in D for soprano recorder and piano op.48 / 4 (1949)
• Sonatina in G for treble recorder and piano (or harpsichord with viol ad lib.) Op. 48/6 (1951)
• Music in three movements for violin and piano op. 53/1 (1953)
• Sonata for violoncello and piano op. 62/1 (1965)
• Six miniatures for oboe d'amore and harpsichord op. 62/2 (1974)
• Elegy for viola da gamba and harpsichord op.62 / 4 (1976) new version for bass clarinet and piano op.62 / 4a (1981)
• Duo Domestico for violin and viola op. 81/2 (1982)

Trios

• Trio for flute, violoncello and piano op.61 (1962)
• Variations on a Sound, Scherzo and Kanzone for piano, violin and violoncello op.73 (1978)
• Trio for piano, violin and violoncello on songs from the South Seas op.78 (1980), (new version of op.69)

Quartets

• String Quartet in G minor op.7 (1927)
• Music in two movements for recorder quartet or other instruments op. 53/2 (1954)
• Twelve Variations on “Nun Laube, Lindlein, Laube” for recorder quartet or other instruments op. 53/3 (1954)
• Six variations on "Es taget vor dem Walde" for four guitars (1957)
• Music for recorder quartet based on Low German folk songs (1963)
• Partita on "A solid castle" for string quartet or string orchestra (1967)
• Quartettino for soprano recorder (or transverse flute), oboe, viola da gamba (or violoncello) and harpsichord op. 62/3 (1975)
• Capriccio for string quartet op. 86/1
• Tango nostalgico for string quartet op. 86/2

Quintet to septet

• Eighteen variations on an old English folk song for two recorders in f, oboe, violin, viola and cello op.30 (1937)
• Divertimento in F major for flute, violin, viola, violoncello and piano op.21a (1943)
• Chamber music for seven instruments (flute, oboe, gamba, harpsichord, violin, viola, violoncello) op.56 (1955)
• Quintet for flute, oboe, clarinet, horn and bassoon on songs from the South Seas op.69 (1973)

Solo instruments

• Three Etudes for Alto Recorder (1958)
• Fantasy for violin alone (1966)
• Partita on "Was Gott does" for flute solo (1979)

Piano music

• Piano music based on folk songs op.40 (1940)
• Sonatina in A for piano op.48/1 (1948)
• Sonatina in E for piano four hands op. 48/5 (1951)
• Piano music based on folk songs, second series op.59 (1960)

Organ music

• Variations for the organ op.20 (1933)
• Toccata for the organ op.31 (1937)

Game music for laypeople

• A small flute book for singing and playing for two recorders, violin, voice ad lib. op.27a (1937)
• Small musical journey in songs and dances for flutes and violins or other instruments, voices ad lib. op.27b (1938)
• Little Christmas Music for three recorders or other instruments op.27c (1938)
• Small suite based on dances from Leopold Mozart's music book for Wolfgang for recorder quartet, string quartet or other instruments (1938)
• Play music for string quartet or orchestra with wind instruments ad lib. (1941)
• Piano booklet for Peter (1948)
• Flute booklet for Klaus, 16 short pieces for soprano recorder and piano (1950)
• Second suite based on piano pieces from Leopold Mozart's music book for Wolfgang for recorder quartet, string quartet or other instruments (1961)
• Ballet Partita based on piano pieces from the “Musical Flower Book” by Joh. Casp. Ferd.Fischer for recorder quartet, string quartet or other instruments (1971)

Vocal music

mixed choir

With orchestra

• Rilke cantata to words from the "Book of Hours" for soprano, baritone, mixed choir and orchestra op. 43 (1942)
• And yet everything ends in peace, cantata based on words from "Hyperion" by Friedrich Hölderlin for solos, choir and orchestra op. 52 (1952)
• Rob the light from the snake's jaws, cantata based on words by Hans Carossa for baritone, choir and orchestra op.57 (1957)
• Silence of our everyday life Plague, cantata on words by Albrecht Goes for choir, individual parts and orchestra (1960)

With string or chamber orchestra or individual instruments

• The Holy Three Kings (Rainer Maria Rilke) for soprano, mixed choir and instruments op.28 (1936)
• May cantata about an old dance song from the Rhineland for mixed choir and instruments (1937)
• Cantata for the harvest festival based on words by Heinz Grunow for lead singer, choir and instruments op.38 (1918)
• Of Sacrifice, Work and Harvest, cantata based on poems by Hermann Claudius for choir, solo singer and instruments op.36 (1938)
• Order and reflection, cantata for leaving school after various poets for mixed choir and small orchestra (1961)
• From the Seasons of Love to verses by Mascha Kaléko for choir and seven instruments op.60 (1961)
• When Jesus left his mother, Passion Cantata about an old tune from Buchenland for soprano, baritone, mixed choir and instruments (1961)
• Reconciling, cantata on a fragment from the preliminary stages to “Friedensfeier” by Friedrich Hölderlin for mixed choir and string orchestra op. 70/2
• Miracles over miracles, three poems by Joseph von Eichendorff for mixed voices and piano op.79 (1971/81)

A cappella choir

• Three mixed choirs based on poems by Rainer Maria Rilke op. 1 (1924)
• Four madrigals for mixed choir op.3 (1926)
• Three chants for mixed choir based on Christian Morgenstern op.4 (1925)
• We are workmen, motet for eight-part mixed choir a capella based on words from the "Book of Hours" by Rainer Maria Rilke op. 6 (1927)
• Two chants for mixed choir based on Rainer Maria Rilke op.11 (1929)
• Mensch, what du Liebe, motet for two choirs a capella after Angelus Silesius op.12 (1930)
• Songs based on ancient texts for mixed voices based on various poets op.13 (1930)
• Desiring life is the world's consolation alone op. 15/1,
• So it's done for this world op. 15/2 (1930/32), two motets for four-part mixed choir based on old poems and the Book of Job
• Four songs based on texts by Klabund op.16 (1931)
• Three choral songs based on words by Matthias Claudius op.18b (1933)
• The saying "Nature is enough for flowers" according to JW von Goethe for four mixed voices (1935)
• Choir song book based on poems by Hermann Claudius for mixed choir op.39 (1939)
• November day based on words by Christian Morgenstern for mixed choir (1940)
• Three choirs based on poems by Fritz Diettrich for four-part mixed choir op.46 (1944)
• Three songs based on poems by Rainer Maria Rilke for mixed choir op.47 (1946)
• God, don't be silent then, motet for mixed voices based on words from Psalm 83, op. 51/1 (1950)
• When my hour is available, Motet for four mixed voices op. 51/2 (1953)
• Cheerful verses by Wilhelm Busch and Eugen Roth for mixed voices op.54 (1954)
• Are you also seas far to Ludwig Derleth,
• Farewell song by Georg von der Vring, two love songs from op.42, versions for mixed choir (1956)
• In memory of your creator, motet after Ecclesiastes 12 for four mixed voices op. 51/3 (1959)
• Quattuor Carmina Latina after Catullus and Horace for mixed choir (piano ad lib.) Op.64 (1966)
• Choir cycle 1974 based on words by JW von Goethe, Matthias Claudius, Joseph von Eichendorff, Martin Opitz and Albrecht Goes op.71 (1974)
• Five chants after Mörike, Schiller, J. Paul and Goethe for mixed choir op.74 (1976)
• ... my longing for the green boat, four poems by Jörg Modlmayr for mixed choir op. 76 (1978)
• Lord, you explore me, motet based on words from Psalm 139 for mixed choir op.77 (1979)
• Gleanings, nine chants for mixed choir (final versions) op.80 (1981)
• Five English Poems (Wordsworth, Anonymus um 1600, L. Hunt, C. Patmore, Longfellow) for four mixed voices op.82 (1975/82)
• Wandrers Nachtlied - Phenomenon after JW von Goethe for mixed choir op.83 (1982)
• Six sayings from the “Cherubinischen Wanderer” by Angelus Silesius for mixed choir op. 84 (1984)
• Two motets after Joh.G. Herder for mixed choir op.85 (1984)
• Missa brevis for mixed choir op.87 (1985)

Liturgical music

• Deutsche Liedmesse for three mixed voices and three instruments (1949)
• German Proprium from the Feast of the Assumption for soprano, mixed choir and organ ad lib. (1951)
• Five small festive motets for three mixed voices with instruments ad lib. (1953)
• Search, whoever wants, a different goal, motets for three voices and instruments ad lib. (1949)
• Praise God the Lord of Glory, motet for three mixed voices and 2 violins ad lib. (1949)
• My most beautiful ornament and jewel are, choir cantata for community singing, mixed choir and four-part wind choir (1954)
• Now rejoice, dear Christians gmein, choral cantata for community singing, mixed choir and five-part wind choir (1955)
• My soul lifts up the Lord, the German Magnificat for Cantor, Choral Choir and Figural Choir (1955)
• Command you your ways, motet for three-part choir and community singing, instruments ad lib. (1957)
• Praise and honor the highest good for three choirs (eight mixed voices), instruments ad lib. (1962)
• Psalms 18 (19), 64 (65), 91 (92), 135 (136), 147, hymn of praise by Baruch for cantor, choir and organ (1963-67)
• A large number of songs a capella and with various instruments ad lib. (1932-1970)
• A number of organ preludes and accompaniments (1944–1968)

Cantatas and songs for laypeople

• Praise of Summer , small cantata for three voices and three instruments based on words from the 17th century (1937)
• Tanzlied im Maien for voices and instruments (1938)
• Many people walk every day (poet unknown), cantata song for choir and instruments (1953)
• Music, you noble comforter , cantata based on various poets for mixed voices and instruments (1954)
• For what we have received, "Ormesby Grace" , grace for three mixed voices (1931)
• Morning Song of a Farmer's Man (Matthias Claudius) for three mixed voices (1938)
• Zeit der Reife (Hermann Claudius) for three mixed voices (1939)
• Wedding song (Bernt von Heiseler) for four mixed voices (1940)
• Spring that Turns the World Blue (Conrad Ferd. Meyer) for three mixed voices (1941)
• To sing every day (Matthias Claudius) and other old and new songs for four mixed voices, 11 of which are arrangements and 8 with their own melody (“Every morning the sun rises”, “Man has nothing so special” etc.) based on texts by Matthias and Hermann Claudius, Simon Dach et al. (1938–1954)

Cantatas and song arrangements (arrangements) for laypeople

• Christmas cantata about the song "Vom Himmel hoch, o Engel geht" for three singing and three instrumental parts (1932)
• Frau Musica sings (Martin Luther) for three mixed voices and two instruments (1937)
• How beautifully the May blossoms for three mixed voices (1938)
• A Dark Cloud Comes In for Four Mixed Voices (1938)
• Say who is this for three mixed voices and violin ad lib. (1947)
• Let us rejoice very much for three mixed voices (1947)
• And our dear women for three mixed voices (1947)
• Winter has passed , Now the merry days are coming, And in the snow mountains , O Christmas tree , When all the little fountains flow , Now comes the happy summer time, The cuckoo sat on the tower (Dutch), seven cantatas for mixed choir and instruments (1953 )
• Have a nice time, old and new songs in movements for three mixed voices (1939–1954)
• Schoon Jonkfrouw, ik moet u klagen, Al onder de Weg and four other Flemish folk songs for three or four voices, with and without instruments (1958–1965)
• A la claire fontaine and two other French folk songs (1952–1965)
• I will give my love an apple, cantata for three-part mixed choir and instruments (1959)
• Derby Ram, cantata for three-part choir and instruments (1959)
• Jardin d'amour for four mixed voices (1959)
• Au clair de la lune for three-part mixed choir and instruments (1959)
• Sù, saltè, ballè, putele (girls, dance, sing and jump), cantata on a Venetian folk song for mixed choir and instruments (1960)
• There is a castle in Austria , small cantata based on an old folk ballad for solo voices, mixed choir and instruments (1962)
• J'ai tant pleuré (Roussillon) for mixed choir (1973)
• Ého, ého, ého (Burgundy) for mixed choir (1973)
• Mamma, o mamma dimmi for mixed voices (1973)
• Now comes the time for four mixed voices (1979)

Choir for equal voices

With orchestra

• You must wander tirelessly , cantata based on words by Hans Carossa for female voices and instruments op.57a (1957)
• Hold high above life , cantata based on words by Joseph von Eichendorff for female voices and instruments, op.58 (1957)

A cappella and with individual instruments

• Four songs based on texts by Klabund for four-part female choir op.16 (1931)
• Evening serenade (Clemens Brentano) for female choir and soprano recorder (1935)
• Das kleine Federspiel , cantata to words from “Des Knaben Wunderhorn” for three-part female choir and two soprano recorders (1935)
• Eleven male choirs based on poems by Ludwig Derleth from "The Franconian Koran" (1951)
• In this autumn hours, songs and chants based on various poets op. 55 (1935–1954)
• Pfirsichblüte (Klabund) for three female voices in "Dear Neighbor", old and new songs in movements for equal voices (1938)
• Three poems by Hermann Hesse for women's choir op. 66 (1957–1966)
• Proprium for Easter Sunday for three-part female choir (1972)

Cantatas and songs for laypeople

• Schein uns, du liebe Sonne (poet unknown), Glück (Hermann Stehr) for three female voices (1940)
• Juchhe, the first snow (words from Karl Marx), Wie hoch ist der Himmel (text version A. Muggenthaler), two cantatas for children's choir and instruments (1962)
• Finally the time has come (R. Habetin) for three equal voices (1965)

Cantatas and song arrangements (arrangements) for laypeople

• All my thoughts and other song settings for three female voices in "Dear Neighbor" (1935–1955)
• No beautiful country, thoughts are free and other song settings for male choir in "Nagels Männerchorbuch" (1952)
• Your little birds (AE Kopp after Angelus Silesius) for three-part female choir and instruments (1954)
• Rejoice, you shepherds and Widewidewenne , two children's cantatas for voice and instruments (1954)
• The Tailor and the Mouse , cantata for children's choir and instruments based on an English folk song (1957)
• Sur le pont d'Avignon , cantata for equal voices (children's voices) and instruments (1957)
• Lavender's Blue , English Folk Song for children's choir and instruments (1961)
• Il était un petit navire (Once upon a time there was a sailing boat), cantata for three-part choir and instruments (1964)

Solo singing

With orchestra

• Prayers of the girls to Maria , song cycle after Rainer Maria Rilke for soprano and string orchestra op.2 (1924, final version 1948)
• Rilke Circle for mezzo-soprano and chamber orchestra op.8 (1952, original version for piano 1920–1927)
• Three chants to words by Stefan George for medium voice and chamber orchestra op.22 (1934)
• Fragment from "Mnemosyne" by Friedrich Hölderlin for soprano and string orchestra op. 70/1 (1973)
• The fallen asleep after words by Friedrich Hölderlin for soprano and string orchestra op. 70/3 (1974)

With individual instruments

• Die infendende Woge (Klabund), small chamber cantata for tenor, clarinet (or viola) and cello op.14 (1930)
• New Rilke Circle , five chants from the “Book of Pictures” for a medium voice, two flutes, two violas and two cellos op. 17 (1931)
• Four songs from the day after various poets for bass and string quartet (also string orchestra) op.25 (1936)
• Message , cantata based on words by Friedrich Georg Jünger for a soprano part, two treble recorders (or flutes) and string quintet (or small string orchestra) op.41a (1942)
• Drei Liebeslieder (G. von der Vring, Will Vesper, Ludwig Derleth) for soprano and string quartet op.42a (1942)
• Since Christ was born , Christmas cantata about an old tune for alto, flute, violin, viol (or violoncello) and harpsichord (also organ or piano) (1951)
• Just one more step (Luise Resatz), cantata for soprano, tenor and baritone solo, four recorders, flute, violin, violoncello and harpsichord op.72 (1975)

With piano and individual instruments

• Rilke Circle , five songs for voice and piano op. 8 (1920–1927)
• Fourteen songs based on poems by Hermann Claudius for voice and piano op.26 (1936)
• New songs based on poems by Hermann Claudius for voice and piano op.29 (1937)
• Spring dew in your eyes (Ludwig Derleth), chamber cantata for alto voice, recorder and piano op.38 (1939)
• Message, cantata based on FG Jünger for soprano, two treble recorders and piano op.41 (1940)
• Love songs based on various poets for voice and piano op.42 (1940)
• Ripening Fruit (Ernst Kraus), Three Duets for soprano, alto and piano op. 23 (1935–1941)
• Five Rilke songs from the “Early Poems” for voice and piano op. 45 (1943)
• Songs and sayings based on words by Goethe for high voice and piano op.49 (1949)
• The Panther and other Rilke poems for a low voice and piano op.50/1 (1949)
• The carousel and other Rilke poems for a high-pitched voice and piano op.50/2 (1950)
• Four songs based on poems by R. Habetin for soprano, flute and piano op.63 (1965)
• Three songs based on poems by Goethe for tenor and piano op. 65 (1966–1981)

Canons a capella and with instruments (selection)

• Night breaks (Novema Marx) to four votes (1935), also in Dutch, French and English
• Sun has descended (Karl Marx) to four votes (1935), also in Dutch and French
• A song sleeps in all things (Eichendorff) with four voices (1935), also in French and English
• Kuckuck sits on high beeches (Karl Marx) to two votes in the Unterquart (1935), also in French and Finnish
• Let's dance to three voices (1939), also in Finnish
• Sine musica nulla vita for four voices (1954)

Documents and publications

• Letters from Karl Marx, in the holdings of the Leipzig music publisher CF Peters in the Leipzig State Archives
• Analysis of the piano sonata in B flat major (KV 333) by WA Mozart, Stuttgart 1966.
• On the unity of the cyclical form in Mozart, Stuttgart 1971, with 134 musical examples.
• New music - expression of our time. Hausmusik, 13th year 1949, pp. 29–38.
• The new set of songs. Hausmusik, 15th year 1951, pp. 117–125.
• Introduction to a contemporary symphonic work: Béla Bartók, music for string instruments, percussion and celesta. Music education in school, Mainz 1965, pp. 216–232.
• School music between art and science. Musica, 12th year 1958, pp. 511-514.
• Limits of understanding and practicability in the areas of everyday music. Hausmusik, Vol. 24, 1960, pp. 116–124.
• Kassel Music Days. Hausmusik, 25th year 1961, pp. 169–179.
• On the cyclical sonata form, on the essay by Günther von Noé. Neue Zeitschrift für Musik, 125th year 1964, pp. 142–146.
• Some remarks on Schubert's trout quintet and octet. Neue Zeitschrift für Musik, Volume 132, 1971, pp. 588–592.
• On thematic relationships in Haydn's London symphonies. Haydn Studies, Vol. IV, 1976, pp. 1-20.
• The musical creation process. Schwäbische Sängerzeitung, Volume 31, 1982, pp. 256–260.

literature

• Art. Marx, Karl Julius , in: Kürschner's German Musicians Calendar 1954. Walter de Gruyter & Co, Berlin 1954, Sp. 797–799.
• Saalfeld, Ralf von: Karl Marx, his work and its meaning. In: magazine for music. Regensburg, 98th year, issue 5, May 1931.
• Strobel, Heinrich: The new Munich school (Young Music V). In: Berliner Börsenzeitung. August 2, 1932.
• Blumberger, Leonhard: Meeting with Karl Marx. In: Dortmunder Zeitung. February 2 and 9, 1936.
• Blumberger, Leonhard: Karl Marx. In: magazine for house music. 6th year, issue 1, January / February 1937.
• Schmidt-Garre, Helmut: The composer Karl Marx. In: The Music Week. Berlin, 5th year, No. 29, from July 17, 1937.
• Schmidt-Garre, Helmut: Contemporary instrumental concerts. In: Allgemeine Musikzeitung. 65th year, Leipzig, January 7, 1938 (therein discussion of the piano and violin concertos).
• Scholz, Horst-Günther: The choir work of Karl Marx. In: The music care. Leipzig, 9th year, issue 12, March 1939.
• Blumberger, Leonhard: Rundfunk-Echo Zeitung from 5./6. August 1939 (there is a detailed discussion of the “Four Chants of the Day”, op. 25).
• Schmidt-Garre, Helmut: Karl Marx (in: today's musicians ). In: Allgemeine Musikzeitung. Leipzig, vol. 66, no.34, August 25, 1939.
• Oehlmann, Werner: Change of inwardness . In: The Empire. Berlin, December 3, 1940 (in it “Vier Gesänge vom Tage”, op. 25, mentioned and discussed).
• Bollert, Werner: Karl Marx, the fifty year old. In: Musica. Kassel 1948, issue 5.
• Schweitzer, Gottfried: Karl Marx (contemporary choral composers). In: The choir. VIII, August 1951.
• Wöhler, Willi: Karl Marx - Outline of a life and work. In: Salve Hospes - Braunschweiger Blätter for art and culture. 1. Jg., Issue 8, October 1951. Prints in: Festblätter for the 14th German Singers' Festival in Stuttgart 1956. Issue 4, January 1956 (= Swabian composers of the present - III. Karl Marx) and: Wiesbadener Tagblatt. August 1956 (“And yet everything ends with peace”).
• Oberborbeck, Felix: Karl Marx. In: House music. Kassel 1957, issue 4/5.
• Sydow, Kurt: Karl Marx 60 years. In: Music in Class. Mainz, November 1957.
• Honolka, Kurt: Karl Marx 60 years. In: Musica. Kassel 1957, issue 11.
• Kautzsch, Christof: House music with Karl Marx. In: Sing and play. Swiss sheets for folk song and house music. Zurich, 25th year, issue 1, January 1958. Reprinted in: Hausmusik. Kassel 1958, issue 2.
• Metzger, Hans-Arnold: The sacred vocal work of Karl Marx. In: Württemberg sheets for church music. Waiblingen, Vol. 25, No. 1, January / February 1958.
• Karkoschka, Erhard (Hrsg.): Festschrift Karl Marx- Stuttgart 1967. Therein among others: Willi Wöhler: Karl Marx - Outline of his life and work ; Josef Friedrich Doppelbauer: The a capella choral works ; Martin Gümbel: Marginalia for the Hölderlinkantate opus 52 ; Erhard Karkoschka: New methods of musical analysis and some applications to later instrumental works by Karl Marx ; Rainer Zillhardt: Das Trio for piano, flute and violoncello opus 61 ; Willi Wöhler: Notes on the instrumentation of Marx's orchestral works ; Heinrich Deppert: Karl Marx 'essays, lectures and analyzes ; Willi Wöhler: Karl Marx and his poets ; Catalog raisonné.
• Karkoschka, Erhard: About late instrumental works by Karl Marx. In: Musica 26, Kassel 1972, p. 542 ff.
• Gudrun Straub, Günther Weiß, Josef Friedrich Doppelbauer: Karl Marx (= composers in Bavaria. Volume 3) Tutzing 1983, ISBN 3-7952-0403-8 . In it u. a .: G. Straub: Life and Work of Karl Marx ; G. Weiß: Conversation with Karl Marx ; JF Doppelbauer: The works of Karl Marx ; Catalog raisonné u. Discography (pp. 133-152).
• Fellmann, Berthold:  Marx, Karl. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 16, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-428-00197-4 , pp. 344-346 ( digitized version ).
• Rottensteiner, Gudrun: Art. Karl Marx. In: "Contemporary Composers".
• Marx, Karl . In: Wilibald Gurlitt (Ed.): Riemann Musiklexikon . 12th, completely revised edition. Persons part: L-Z . Schott, Mainz 1961, p. 303 . .
• Karl Michael Komma:  Marx, Karl. In: Ludwig Finscher (Hrsg.): The music in past and present . Second edition, personal section, volume 11 (Lesage - Menuhin). Bärenreiter / Metzler, Kassel et al. 2004, ISBN 3-7618-1121-7 , Sp. 1239 ( online edition , subscription required for full access)
• New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians . Volume 16, p. 17

Web links

• Works by and about Karl Marx in the catalog of the German National Library
• Karl Marx in the Bavarian Musicians' Lexicon Online (BMLO)
• Regional information system for Baden-Württemberg (LeoBW): Marx, Karl

Individual evidence

1. ^ Marx, Karl Julius . In: Kürschner's German Musicians Calendar 1954. Walter de Gruyter & Co, Berlin 1954, column 797.
2. ^ Fred K. Prieberg: Handbook of German Musicians 1933–1945. PDF on CD-ROM, Kiel 2004. (2nd edition, Kiel 2009), article “Marx, Karl Julius”.
3. ↑ Michael H. Kater: The abused muse. Musician in the Third Reich. Piper, Munich 2000.
4. ^ Fred K. Prieberg: Handbook of German Musicians 1933–1945. PDF on CD-ROM, Kiel 2004. (2nd edition, Kiel 2009), foreword p. 12 ff., Article “Marx, Karl Julius”, p. 4780 ff., Especially p. 4787.