Carmelite Monastery Augsburg

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There were two former Carmelite Monastery Augsburg , an older, the convent of Carmelite St. Anna , and a younger, Mount Carmel to the Blessed Sacrament. Both were in Augsburg in Bavaria in the diocese of Augsburg . The older monastery existed from 1275 to 1534 and ended with the Reformation , the younger existed from 1637 to 1802 and ended with the secularization .

St. Anna Priory

St. Anna Priory

Gothic cloister of St. Anna Monastery, north wing

The monastery consecrated to St. Anna , located on Annastraße named after him in the old town (city center) of Augsburg, was founded in 1275 by Hartmann von Dillingen , Bishop of Augsburg. The monastery and the church at the current location were built in 1321 under Bishop Friedrich I. Spät von Faimingen .

In 1460, the monastery was badly damaged by fire and then rebuilt. From 1487 to 1497, the monastery church of St. Anna was expanded into a three-aisled pillar basilica under Prior Matthias Fabri . A side chapel built onto the church in 1420 was made into a side aisle in 1496. From then on, it was used as a burial place for the Augsburg goldsmiths' guild, from where it was named the goldsmith's chapel. Other additions were the Holy Sepulcher Chapel (from 1506) and the Fugger Chapel (1509–1512).

When Martin Luther was summoned to Augsburg for the Reichstag in 1518, he enjoyed the hospitality of his friend, Prior Johannes Frosch . He joined the Reformation , in 1523 under the protection of the city council introduced an evangelical order of worship and resigned from his office in the same year. The bishop Christoph von Stadion had no action against it, because the monasteries were neither under his nor the city's jurisdiction. In 1525 the city council took over the supervision of the monastery property. The dissolution of the monastery followed in 1534.

The cloister of the monastery (from 1460) subsequently became a popular burial place for Augsburg patricians , while the former Roman Catholic monastery church of St. Anna became a Protestant church. The Church of St. Anna, in which a Lutheran rite was celebrated as early as 1525, has essentially remained Protestant to this day - with the exception of the times of crisis in Augsburg Protestantism: in 1629 the church became Catholic as a result of the Edict of Restitution and reformed again in 1632 in the course of the Swedish occupation of Augsburg ; From 1635 until the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, the Jesuit College St. Salvator used the premises. The Fugger Chapel in the church, the burial place of the Fugger family , has always remained Catholic, which is where the peculiarity stems from the fact that there is a Catholic chapel in a Protestant church today.

From 1531 the newly founded Protestant Latin school , the grammar school near St. Anna, was housed in the monastery. In 1613 the school moved to the new school building built by Elias Holl to the west of the monastery. The linguistic and humanistic educational institution is one of the oldest grammar schools in Germany and acquired the reputation of an elite school in the 18th century.

The Augsburg State and City Library also emerged from the disbanded Carmelite monastery . For centuries it was closely associated with the grammar school near St. Anna.

Annastraße is now a pedestrian zone .

Carmel to the Blessed Sacrament

Carmel for the Blessed Sacrament Coordinates: 48 ° 22 ′ 28 "  N , 10 ° 53 ′ 53.5"  E

The St. Severin Chapel, behind prison walls for over 200 years

The stricter Order of the Discalced Carmelites , which was newly established in 1597, tried to gain a foothold in the Augsburg area from 1630 at the request of Bishop Heinrich V von Knöringen . First he installed the small monastery of St. Joseph in front of the Red Gate . However, this was burned down by Swedish troops in 1632. The Carmelites initially found asylum in the Benedictine abbey of Sankt Ulrich and Afra . Then in 1637 they founded a new monastery north of the cathedral in front of the Frauentor in the former granary of the imperial city and adjacent properties that they were able to acquire, which was built under Emperor Ferdinand II by an Italian master builder in the early Baroque style. This burned down in 1646 and was replaced by a new building in the same place. After all, this new building lasted for almost three hundred years. The streets Karmelitengasse, Karmelitenmauer and Kleines Karmelitengäßchen in Augsburg are named after this monastery.

The monastery was secularized in 1802 and vacated in 1807. His church, which was considered to be one of the most beautiful baroque churches in southern Germany, was closed to church services in 1810 and later sold to a Mr. Levinau, who played it with a lottery , but kept the winning ticket in his own hands and had the church broken off in 1821. The high altar was acquired by the St. Georg parish .

St. Stephen's Garden

The monastery garden, an area of ​​about one hectare that adjoins the former monastery to the east, was taken over by the Benedictine Abbey of St. Stephen in 1851 . It is still there today.

Part of the former monastery has been in the possession of the Congregatio Jesu since 1887 , which ran a women's monastery and a "higher school for girls", today's Maria Ward grammar school , north of it . Up until 2015, it maintained a center for retreats and mediation seminars, the “Maria Ward House”.

The economic buildings of the monastery were used as a hospital after the secularization. The Kingdom of Bavaria acquired the building complex in 1814 and expanded it into a state prison by 1817 , which is now the Augsburg I correctional facility . The St. Severin chapel , which dates back to the 13th century on the former monastery grounds, was restored in 1970 after being temporarily used for a different purpose and has been used since then Prison church. After the new Augsburg-Gablingen correctional facility was built, the future of the area is still uncertain. The last inmates moved out in February 2016. The preserved Severinskapelle and the main building of the prison, the former medieval granary of the monastery in the core, as well as the monastery garden are under monument protection .

literature

  • Benjamin Scheller: Memoria at the turning point. The Jakob Fugger the Rich Foundations before and during the Reformation (approx. 1505–1555). Dissertation, Akademie-Verlag, 2004, ISBN 978-3-05-004095-0 . Restricted: p. 185 in the Google Book search

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Monasteries in Bavaria. In: hdbg.eu. House of Bavarian History , accessed March 8, 2016 .
  2. ↑ Christoph J. Haid: Historical evidence of the original naming of all streets, squares, towers, houses, courtyards etc. in the district capital Augsburg, which have something peculiar or unknown in their name . Wirth, 1833, p. 52 f . ( books.google.com ).
  3. ^ Augsburger Allgemeine: The Maria Ward center closes. In: augsburger-allgemeine.de. Augsburger Allgemeine, accessed March 8, 2016 .
  4. ^ Monasteries in Bavaria. In: hdbg.eu. House of Bavarian History , accessed March 8, 2016 .
  5. ↑ Augsburger Allgemeine: Prison moves to Gablingen: What happens to the free space? In: augsburger-allgemeine.de. Augsburger Allgemeine, accessed March 8, 2016 .