Kemper Werth
The Kemper Werth (formerly also called Pfaffenmütze or Pfaffenmütz ) is a headland between the Rhine and the Sieg at the northwestern end of Geislar , the northernmost district of Bonn . The mouth of the Sieg is located at the tip of the headland.
location
The Kemper Werth used to be one of several islands in the former Sieg delta. After the mouth of the Sieg was straightened in the 18th century and the Sieg met the Rhine at almost a right angle, this led to heavy debris deposits in the Siegbett and in the Rhine. This caused the bed to flatten out, causing the Sieg to break out of her bed when the water levels were high. The dead estuary that resulted from this can still be seen below Troisdorf-Bergheim . In order to optimize the flow, the mouth of the Sieg should be relocated. For this purpose, the Kemper Werth was connected to the bank by a dam in 1852 , so that the Sieg has since then flowed almost parallel to the Rhine before its mouth. Today's peninsula was created by silting up in the area of the dam .
Pfaffenmütz
During the Thirty Years' War , Dutch troops penetrated the United Lower Rhine Duchies of Jülich-Kleve-Berg in the summer of 1620 , conquered Jülich , Blankenberg and Windeck and built a fortress on Kemper Werth, at that time a double island in the Rhine in front of the Sieg estuary. This was intended to hold up advancing Spanish and Palatinate New Burg troops. The Dutch troops were under the leadership of Heinrich Ludwig Graf von Hatzfeldt . Since the shape of the island was reminiscent of the headgear of the Catholic clergy, it was called the Pfaffenmütz . The nearly 3,000 soldiers of the fortress demanded high taxes from the surrounding villages, pillaged and terrorized the population.
In July 1622, the Spanish troops under the leadership of Heinrich von dem Bergh reached the lower victory and began to siege the fortress from both banks of the Rhine. To the west of Bergheim a siege hill was built on the edge of the terrace, from which one could see the Pfaffenmütz and which was therefore given the name "Kick-in-die-Mütz". In the course of the autumn of 1622 the besiegers cleared the Sieg estuary area of Dutch troops, created a ring of smaller entrenchments - one of them called "Schnaufkatz" -, also built a bulwark on the left bank of the Rhine near Graurheindorf, the entrenchment "Mund-zu", and finally the Rhine was closed with outrigger boats. The Dutch held out until the end of the year. On January 3, 1623, they gave up the fortress.
The fortress was then occupied by the Spanish and held until around 1629. The Spaniards also demanded high taxes from the surrounding population. During this time it was named Stephansschanze, Fort Isabella or Isabellen Island after the Dutch Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain .
The name from the time of the Dutch siege is found again on Carl Friedrich von Wiebeking's ten-sheet map of the Rhine from 1796 . Two islands on the right bank of the Rhine between the Graurheindorf on the left bank of the Rhine and the mouth of the Sieg are called Pfaffenmütze . Today nothing can be seen of the former fortress.
literature
- Heinrich Brodeßer: The Pfaffenmütz - A remarkable island fortification in the delta of the Sieg and the land on the Lower Sieg at the beginning of the 17th century , Troisdorf 1990
- Heinrich Brodeßer: The Pfaffenmütz - An island fortification in front of the mouth of the Sieg 1620-1623 - A catalog of contemporary graphics , Troisdorf 1994
Individual evidence
- ^ Heinrich Brodeßer: The Pfaffenmütz - An island fortification before the mouth of the Sieg 1620-1623 - A catalog of contemporary graphics , Troisdorf 1994
- ↑ Ernst Weyden: The Siegthal - from the mouth of the river to the source , Adolf Lesimple's Verlag, Leipzig 1865
- ↑ Uwe Schwarz: Cologne and its surroundings in old maps. From the Eifel map to the general staff map (1550 to 1897). Emons Verlag, Cologne 2005, ISBN 3-89705-343-8 , p. 60
Coordinates: 50 ° 45 ′ 53 ″ N , 7 ° 5 ′ 10 ″ E