Kentschkau

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Kentschkau
Kentschkau does not have a coat of arms
Kentschkau (Poland)
Kentschkau
Kentschkau
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Lower Silesia
Powiat : Wroclaw
Gmina : Kanth
Geographic location : 51 ° 6 '  N , 16 ° 55'  E Coordinates: 51 ° 5 '33 "  N , 16 ° 54' 50"  E
Height : 128 m npm
Residents : 135 (1941)
Economy and Transport
Street : A4 (via AS Peterwitz )
Rail route : Breslau (Freib. Bf.) - Moys b. Görlitz (via Schmolz )
Next international airport : Wroclaw



Kentschkau on a map from 1885
Kentschkau / Karncza Góra 2011

Kentschkau (1937–1945 Keltingen , Polish Karncza Góra ) is a former, devastated village southwest of Breslau . It is located in the area of ​​today's municipality Kanth (Polish: Gmina Kąty Wrocławskie ) in the district of Wroclaw (Polish: Powiat Wrocławski ) in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship (Polish: województwo dolnośląskie ). From 1945 to 1998 the place belonged to the Wroclaw Voivodeship .

Origin of name

The name "Karncza Góra" is a possessive name and refers to a mountain belonging to a person called "Karnek", someone with a mutilated ear or nose. In other sources, the adjective "crippled" is directly related to the hill, from which the name "Krüppelberg" results.

In various medieval documents from the 12th to 14th centuries, the name of the village gradually changed from the original form "Carnchagora", "Canchagora" (1245), "Cansgorw" (1285) via "Cansgor" to "Kanczgo". In 1579 the Germanized version "Kentschkau" appeared for the first time, later also in the form of "Kentschke".

At the beginning of the 20th century, the German researcher Paul Hefftner wrongly derived the name from the personal name "Kędziora". On January 26, 1937, the name of the village was changed to "Keltingen" in order to remove Slavic sounding topographical names in Silesia. After 1945 the Polish name "Kęczków" was used for a short time. At the beginning of 1948 the name "Karncza Góra" was officially determined.

geography

Kentschkau / Karncza Góra was a street village and was situated on an elongated hill with an absolute height of 128 m above sea level; it rose about eight meters above the surrounding plain. In the south and west the village bordered on Schmolz and Kriptau . In the east and north it bordered the places Strachwitz and Groß Mochbern , which were incorporated into Breslau after the Second World War . There was a cemetery east of the village on the road to Mochbern. The location of the cemetery is now within the city limits of Wroclaw, the remaining areas of the former village are within the limits of the municipality of Kanth . Today the Kentschkau area belongs to the Wroclaw-Strachowice Airport and is an area closed to the public.

story

The first mention of the village comes from the Breslauer Bull (PL) of April 23, 1155 by Hadrian IV. Kentschkau is mentioned under the name "Carnchagora" among a dozen other villages that belong to the Bishop of Wroclaw. The village was mentioned for the second time 90 years later in the papal bull of Innocent IV issued on August 9, 1245 .

For most of its history the village belonged to the Wroclaw Cathedral Chapter , and after the secularization of church ownership it became the property of the state. At the end of the 18th century the village had 12 houses with 64 inhabitants, an inn and a free village council. In 1802 it was inhabited by three farmers, two cottagers , five homeworkers, an innkeeper and a village manager. In 1830 121 people lived there, 49 of whom were Protestants and 72 were Catholic. Fifteen years later, in 1845, 155 people lived in the village, including 40 Catholics. The place had 16 houses, a free village council and a distillery; two shoemakers and a peddler were among the residents. Catholics used the church in Groß Mochbern and Protestants the church in Hermannsdorf. In 1887 the village was inhabited by 245 people - 195 Protestants, 41 Catholics and nine Jews. The last census in Germany before the end of the Second World War at the beginning of 1941 counted 135 inhabitants in the village. The population register for the entire district of Breslau gives 133 inhabitants for 1942 and names Walter Richard as mayor.

The village buildings destroyed in 1945 were no longer inhabited and the village itself was liquidated. The reason for such a decision by the authorities were the plans to expand the military airport in Strachowice, which is in the immediate vicinity of the village.

Monuments

Stone crosses on the road to Groß Mochbern

On the road from Wroclaw to Schmolz, where the village cemetery was located, there are two granite crosses today. According to estimates from the time before the war, the first was 1.60 m high, 0.65 m wide and 0.14 m thick, the second 1.9 m high, 0.38 m wide and 0.14 m thick. Currently (2011) both crosses are 1.33 m above the ground. Both crosses are damaged; one has a broken arm and the other has both arms broken. These crosses were considered lost for a long time; they were only found in 1994 by members of the "Brotherhood of the Crusaders" (an association of friends of monuments) during clearing up work on the airport site. Five years later, in 1999, another arm broke despite having been glued and reinforced. In 2011 there was further damage. Shortly thereafter, both crosses were carefully preserved in a special conservation workshop and rebuilt on May 13, 2011. Next to the crosses there is an information board that indicates the legend that they are atonement crosses . The legend says, “ Anno Domini 1514, the 4th of August, two Bohemian merchants were robbed and killed by Johann von Kentschkau at this place here on the Hohe Landstrasse . He repented at his own expense and set up these two crosses. ”The maintenance work was financed by the Wroclaw Airport Company. A corresponding third cross is located in the wooden church in Szczytnicki (Scheitniger Park) in Wroclaw.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Józef Domański: Nazwy miejscowe dzisiejszego Wrocławia i dawnego okręgu wrocławskiego (German: place names of today's Breslau and the former district of Breslau) . PWN, Warsaw 1967, p. 74 (Polish).
  2. ↑ a b c d e f Szlaki piesze: z Wrocławia w stronę Ślęży (hike from Wrocław towards Ślęża). In: Website of the Kanth community. Archived from the original on July 26, 2011 ; Retrieved September 12, 2011 (Polish).
  3. ↑ a b Friedrich Albert Zimmermann: Additions to the Description of Silesia, Vol. 12 . Johann Ernst Tramp, Brieg 1795, p. 188 .
  4. ^ A b Johann Adam Valentin Weigel: Geographical, natural historical and technological description of the sovereign Duchy of Silesia . Himburgische Buchhandlung, Berlin 1802, p. 168-169 .
  5. ↑ Paul Hefftner: origin and meaning of the place names in urban and rural districts Wroclaw . Ferdinand Hirt, Breslau 1910, p. 95 .
  6. ^ Rolf Jehke: District Lohbrück. In: Territorial changes in Germany and German administered areas 1874 - 1945. November 13, 2008, accessed on January 2, 2021 .
  7. ↑ Antoni Wrzosek: Skorowidz g min Śląska Dolnego i Opolskiego for niemieckimi i polskimi nazwami miejscowości (index of the communities of Lower Silesia and Opole with German and Polish place names) . Instytut Śląski (Lower Silesian Institute), Kattowitz 1945, p. 10 (Polish).
  8. ↑ Rozporządzenie Ministrów: Administracji Publicznej i Ziem Odzyskanych z dnia 9 grudnia 1947 r. o przywróceniu i ustaleniu urzędowych nazw miejscowości (Ordinance of the Ministers of Public Administration and Reclaimed Territories of December 9, 1947 on the restoration and establishment of official place names). (PDF; 1.7 MB) In: Monitor Polski 1948, No. 14, Item 55, p. 6. Accessed December 29, 2020 .
  9. ^ Studies on the Silesian Church History . In: Representations and sources on Silesian history . tape 3 . E. Wohlfarth, Breslau 1907, p. 177, 188 .
  10. ^ Johann Georg Knie: Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, towns, cities and other places of the royal family. Prussia. Province of Silesia . Graß, Barth and Comp., Breslau 1830, p. 326 .
  11. ^ Johann Georg Knie: Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, towns, cities and other places of the royal family. Prussia. Province of Silesia . Graß, Barth and Comp., Breslau 1845, p. 282 .
  12. ↑ Schematism of the diocese of Wroclaw and its delegation district for the year 1887 . Prince-Bishop's Secret Chancellery, Breslau 1887, p. 14 .
  13. ↑ Silesian local directory . Wilh. Gottl. Korn., Breslau 1941, p. 173 .
  14. ↑ Keltingen . In: Population register for the entire district of Breslau with the cities of Brockau, Kanth and Zobten a. B. and all parishes . Breslauer Verlags- u. Druckerei-GmbH, Breslau January 1942, p. 209 (348 pp.).
  15. ↑ Kurt Degen: The architectural and art monuments of the district of Breslau . Verlag Wolfgang Weidlich, Frankfurt am Main 1965, p. 147 .
  16. ↑ Max Hellmich: Stone witnesses to medieval law in Silesia, stone crosses, wayside shrines, damming pillars, gallows, court tables . Max Hellmich (self-published), Liegnitz 1923, p. 27 .
  17. ↑ Stanisław Zobniów: Złamany kamienny Krzyż na Karnczej Górze (Broken stone cross on Karncza Góra). In: Zabytki Jurysdykcji Karnej na Śląsku. April 16, 2011, Retrieved September 12, 2011 (Polish).
  18. ↑ Stanisław Zobniów: Dwa krzyże ponownie stoją przy ul. Ż Wirki i Wigury (the two crosses are again at ul. Ż Wirki i Wigury). In: Zabytki Jurysdykcji Karnej na Śląsku. May 20, 2011, Retrieved September 12, 2011 (Polish).

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