Kepler-32

Kepler-32 is a red dwarf in the constellation Swan , of the approximately 988 light years from the sun away. The star has a planetary system made up of five known exoplanets . Like all red dwarfs, Kepler-32 is significantly smaller and fainter than the sun. Its mass is around 0.54 of the solar mass , its radius around 0.53 of the solar radius . Its surface temperature is about two thirds of the surface temperature of the sun and its luminosity is only 5% of the luminosity of the sun.

Planetary system

The Kepler space telescope first discovered two planets in orbits around the star using the transit method in 2011, followed by the discovery of three further planets in 2012. All planets orbit their central star in very narrow orbits within a few days or hours (the innermost Planets). The two innermost planets Kepler-32f and Kepler-32e have a radius of about 0.81 earth radii and 1.5 earth radii, respectively. On the other hand, the three planets Kepler-32b, Kepler-32c, and Kepler-32d, orbiting further out, have a radius that is approximately between 2 and 2.7 earth radii.

According to a study published in late 2012, the planets likely formed farther away from Kepler-32 before migrating to their present orbits. The planets of Kepler-32 can be considered representative of the M dwarfs observed during the Kepler mission .

Planetary system from Kepler-32

Planet (by distance from the star)	Discovery (year)	Radius (in ) ${\ displaystyle R _ {\ oplus}}$	Mass (in M _⊕ )	Cycle time (in days)	Major semi-axis (in AU )	Orbit inclination (in ) ${\ displaystyle \ mathrm {^ {\ circ}}}$	eccentricity
Kepler-32f	2012	0.81 ± 0.05	-	0.74296 ± 0.00007	0.0130 ± 0.0002	-	-
Kepler-32e	2012	1.5 ± 0.1	-	2.8960 ± 0.0003	0.0323 ± 0.0005	-	-
Kepler-32b	2011	2.25 ± 0.11	9.4 ^+3.6_−3.1	5.90124 ± 0.00010	0.05	-	-
Kepler-32c	2012	2.02 ± 0.11	7.7 ^+5.0_−3.8	8.7522 ± 0.0003	0.09	-	-
Kepler-32d	2012	2.7 ± 0.1	-	22.7802 ± 0.0005	0.128 ± 0.002	-	-

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q NASA Exoplanet Archive: Kepler-32. Retrieved July 5, 2015 .
^ The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia: Planet Kepler-32 b. Retrieved April 24, 2015 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c Jonathan J. Swift, John Asher Johnson, Timothy D. Morton, Justin R. Crepp, Benjamin T. Montet, Daniel C. Fabrycky, Philip S. Muirhead: Characterizing the Cool KOIs IV: Kepler-32 as a prototype for the formation of compact planetary systems throughout the Galaxy . arxiv : 1301.0023 .

[NASA_Exoplanet-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q NASA Exoplanet Archive: Kepler-32. Retrieved July 5, 2015 .

[2] The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia: Planet Kepler-32 b. Retrieved April 24, 2015 .

[Swift-3] Jonathan J. Swift, John Asher Johnson, Timothy D. Morton, Justin R. Crepp, Benjamin T. Montet, Daniel C. Fabrycky, Philip S. Muirhead: Characterizing the Cool KOIs IV: Kepler-32 as a prototype for the formation of compact planetary systems throughout the Galaxy . arxiv : 1301.0023 .