Kerschlach
The hamlet of Kerschlach is a district and a district of the municipality of Pähl in the Upper Bavarian district of Weilheim-Schongau . Pähl is in the Oberland region .
history
Early documents refer to the hamlet as Cherslo - a cattle pasture in the marshland, whereby the place formed a swath in the once dense and game-rich forest area between Ammersee and Würmsee. Historical sources show that the hamlet of Kerschlach was “owned by the bishops of Augsburg ” as early as the 11th century and up to the middle of the 12th century : The oldest written mention of Kerschlach dates back to 25 March 1159.
In the course of time Kerschlach had many forms of name: Cherrsloh, Kherschla (g), Kherschlan, Kherslau. The tax register of 1403 listed the estate under the name Kersloech with three farms subject to tax, but without mentioning the landlord. Almost a decade later, a court document named Weilheim on September 18, 1411 as the owner Ulrich Ebran zu Wildenberg “about Gut Cherrslo”.
In 1580, in a "Description of the Castenguetter in Weilhaimer Landgreich ligendt", under the four court marches of the Mitterambtes, Bernried , Tutzing , Vischen, "Kersohla" is also listed with the comment that they were all properly bequeathed (precisely delimited). The tax book for Seveldt Castle (Seefeld) from 1558 described Chersloh as "a small court fairy tale ... has six fire places" (property). It was a castle or mansion, a tavern and four courtyards. It cost hard work to wrestle field and garden crops from the barren moor and heather soils.
In 1599 the Hofmark Vorderfischen-Kerschlach went to the Benedictine monastery Andechs, which was built around the middle of the 15th century : According to the contract of January 28, 1599 “between the abbot Alexander Sauter and the 'guardians and heirs of Georg Schöttl', the monastery received Holy Mountain Kerschlach with Sölden, Hueben, Taferne, Siben and twenty subjects of Pauren and mercenaries "...
Abbot Sauten, who, according to chroniclers, as a former cellar and economist von Ottobeuren, was a man of the trade, strove to "change the many scattered estates and to combine them with the property by purchasing the Hofmarksgüter Kerschlach and Fischen ... for the sum of 10,000 guilders " .
However, the new acquisition of Kerschlach could hardly prove to be particularly profitable for the often “clammy” Andechs monastery . Hail showers and thunderstorms only destroyed the harvest.
Father Maurus Friesenegger , who later became abbot, finally reports in 1634 about a "house in Kerschlach that was burned down by the Spanish" during the Thirty Years' War by the soldiers of General Feria's army . In August 1633 or August 34 the dreaded plague raged in the small hamlet of Kerschlach. Friesenegger describes the Black Death : “The evil of these times cannot be written or thought without a shudder and horror. After dis Orth anno 1632 and 1633 destroyed, ruined and corrupted ybl (evil) in grazing hostile wars, the following year 1634 the subjects were searched for with laydtiger infection addiction (plague). From this all except Jacob Seemillers Wittib died. And so the Hofmarch and all Guetter gans ed (desolate) and taught. "
Bitter poverty and “high inflation” prevailed everywhere in that era, so that “often in ten houses there was not one cruiser money”. In the whole area there was "no sheep, no pig, no goose, no hen to be found".
In the period from 1645 to 1659, instead of the farms, a Schwaige , a farm business with a dairy , was built in Kerschlach . The former mercenaries now served the monastery as day laborers , helped to cultivate the land, bring in the harvest and did the work that fell to them.
It stayed that way until the beginning of the 19th century. In 1721, the chronicler can tell of a new building, the completion of which the Abbot Maurus III. Braun "offered an opportunity to hold a small celebration there". "The Schwaige is especially destined for horse breeding," the records reveal. The abbot “traveled to Keferloh” in order to buy “a stallion and two mares” for the stud farm “despite the large number of his own horses”.
It was thanks to the Benedictines on the Holy Mountain that the basic subjects of Kerschlach and the other economic goods survived the often difficult times - including long-term cattle epidemics or terrible hailstones - without debt . Because as landlords - as the electoral commissioner von Göhl reported to his client in Munich in 1802 - "largely waived the grain deliveries and taxes to which they were entitled". However, this changed during the secularization of 1802/1803. The economic goods, including Kerschlach, became deserted and quickly found buyers as a result of the “general devaluation of property and extremely cheap prices”.
The Kerschlach estate, with fields, forests and meadows, cattle breeding and horse studs, manor houses and Schwaige , was offered for sale in 1803 by the state, which had made all monastery property its own. In the same year the farmer Johann Baptist Stützle bought it. Since 1868 the inheritance has been in the hands of the three sons Jakob, Johann and Isidor Stützle. According to credible reports, the oldest, Jakob, in particular, seemed to have taken little pleasure in agricultural work. After Johann's death in 1876, who "died of a heart attack" at the age of 33, the brothers sold their property for 120,000 gold marks to Eduard von Hallberger, the owner of the Stuttgart publishing house and lord of the castle of Tutzing .
Kommerzienrat von Hallberger had Kerschlach looked after by administrators, later tenants, and also took care of the new construction and irrigation of the fish pond (today Kerschlacher Weiher ) - this was originally bought back by Isodor Stützle from the state, who at the time had seized the fish pond in the course of secularization and usually drained in a meadow. Daughter Gabriele Countess Landberg took over the entire inheritance, including Kerschlach, after the unexpected death of her father in August 1880.
For Countess Landberg, the Kerschlach estate, like many of her other estates, was "an unbearable burden" towards the end of the 19th century. The Schwaige came into the hands of Theodor von Cramer-Klett through purchase. As lord of the castle at Hohenaschau in Chiemgau , he enjoyed a corresponding reputation and enjoyed considerable fortune as the son of the Imperial Councilor of the Crown of Bavaria and founder of the MAN machine works, Theodor von Cramer-Klett .
During this time, the Missionary Benedictine Sisters were looking for a good to work on the daily bread for the more than one hundred members of the mother house, which was built in Tutzing from 1902 to 1904. Theodor von Cramer-Klett now offered them his Kerschlach property for "almost a generation" to lease. On November 8, 1908, four sisters finally moved in, their future home was the so-called mansion or castle.
The files show more than 500 days of work for the lease property left to the monastery, i.e. almost 170 hectares of land, of which around 10 hectares are forest. Of the almost 136 hectares of meadows, however, a quarter was "sour", the 10 hectares of stony fields forced each spring to laboriously picking up and collecting the gravel of the barren moraine soils that repeatedly pushed to the surface .
Overall, fields and corridors were severely neglected, the previously carefully planted gardens were completely overgrown, the house, stables, two barns and the small wagon depot were neglected. All the rooms showed nothing but desolate emptiness.
In the first harvest year of 1909, the fields that were previously too poorly tilled only delivered meager yields in the struggle with the lush weeds, which initially continued in the following years. In order to keep the overgrown gardens usable again, it would have required significantly more helpers than Gut Kerschlach could afford at the time. Almost a hundred fruit trees were planted, but the yield was a long time coming. Probably only the stables offered a ray of hope at that time. Half a dozen horses, 20 cows and 8 oxen had sent the mother house of the economy.
But the missionary Benedictine nuns defied the adverse conditions : Even before the outbreak of World War I in 1914, the "specialist authorities" expressed their "satisfaction with the development of Kerschlach into a model estate". The period up to 1918 caused a noticeable shortage of male servants, but supported by 13 captured Russians and their overseers, the property's three unfit for war, one hand-amputee and two teenagers, managed to meet all requirements. After the peace treaty in 1918, the staff increased to around 35 employees, and the sister community now comprised 25 members.
Tireless work finally brought Kerschlach lasting success. In 1925, for example, bull breeding won the prize for the splendid Major , and the manager Josef Damm received “a gold watch in recognition of his performance”. As in previous centuries, however, spring frosts and hailstorms, summer wetness and autumn drought endangered and destroyed the harvests necessary for daily bread, industrial accidents occurred, valuable horses perished, and foot and mouth diseases threatened livestock. Twice, in 1926 and 1930, the monastery and hamlet barely escaped a major fire. It took months for the aftermath of this apparently arson fire to be cleared and for the losses suffered to be made good.
The plague of laborious manual labor in the field and in the barn gradually made the use of agricultural machinery easier. A motor plow and a steam threshing machine helped with the cultivation and harvesting work. Then in 1929 "the electrical connection to the Isar works" took place. On February 9, 1934, the estate "with all associated fields and fields" was finally purchased.
The monastery property experienced one of the most dangerous epochs during the Second World War from 1939 to 1945 - for example, low-flying aircraft endangered the monastery property. Otherwise, cultivation and harvesting work, stable service and dairy could only be managed with the help of French prisoners of war.
Ultimately, the Gestapo became interested in the future state estate, including the kitchen and cellar, butcher's shop , milk room, poultry yard and garden. On May 9th, 1941, the monastery property was confiscated: the sisters and staff were conscripted.
The longed-for end of the war did not solve the shortage of agricultural workers in the long term. As a further consequence of the war, the increasing plague of wild boar turned out to be problematic: meadows, grain fields and potato fields suffered more and more damage.
In the following decades, sheds were built that offered space for a station wagon for growing potatoes and beets, for combine harvesters and a hay loader, for tractors and an excavator.
In the 1980s and 1990s, the monastery estate presented itself as a modern farm with 146 hectares. The livestock consisted of 260 cattle and one breeding bull. 80 cows filled the litter box on the slatted floor with drifting manure. They delivered milk twice a day in a double herringbone parlor. The 40 hectares of arable land comprised corn, wheat, barley and oat fields, plus an area for clover-grass mixtures. Forage wagons, mobile and deep silos as well as mining halls were used to bring in and stack the harvest.
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Coordinates: 47 ° 55 ' N , 11 ° 12' E