Klara Oppenheimer

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Klara Oppenheimer (born November 6, 1867 in Paris ; † May 17, 1943 in Theresienstadt concentration camp ) was a German teacher, doctor and suffragette. She was the first doctor with her own practice and licensed health insurance company in Würzburg .

Live and act

Klara Oppenheimer came from an upper-class Jewish family and was born in Paris as the eldest daughter of the German couple Aron and Recha Oppenheimer. In 1872 the family moved from Paris to Frankfurt am Main . Her father, who came from Oberingelheim in Rheinhessen, had made a large fortune as a merchant in Paris and Frankfurt. In 1875 Klara Oppenheimer came with her family from Frankfurt to Würzburg, where her father settled down as a privateer in a villa at Randersackererstraße 33. Klara's sisters Cäcilie and Johanna were born in Würzburg. In the 1880s Aron Oppenheimer renamed himself Adolf Oppenheimer and acquired several houses in Sophienstrasse with the adjoining corner house on Friedensstrasse 26.

In 1889, Klara Oppenheimer passed the teacher examination in Aschaffenburg and thus achieved the highest educational qualification that was then available to women. When women were first admitted to regular studies in Bavaria in 1903, the qualified teacher made up for her Abitur . In 1906 she enrolled at the Julius Maximilians University of Würzburg to study medicine. She passed her medical examination in 1910 and did her medical internship in 1911.

Even before her studies, she was committed to women's equality . She worked with the Frauenheil association, which campaigned for the “promotion of higher education for women and the employment of women who are dependent on their own support”. During her studies she became the second chairwoman of the Association of Studying Women. In 1912 she received her doctorate and received her license to practice medicine in the same year. In June 1918 Klara Oppenheimer opened a practice for infants and childhood diseases after various positions as an assistant doctor, making her the first doctor with her own practice in Würzburg. In 1919, she was also the first woman doctor in Würzburg to receive a health insurance license.

As second chairwoman of the local women's suffrage association and as a member of the board of the Sophienschule , a six-class educational institution for girls that existed in Würzburg from 1900 to 1937, she continued to campaign for the rights of girls and women.

Persecution of Jews and stumbling block

From 1933 Klara Oppenheimer suffered from the Nazi terror. Her pension was cut and an application to leave Switzerland was rejected. Their home was a Jewish home made and they themselves forcibly relocated in August 1941 in a Jewish home for the elderly.

On September 23, 1942, Klara Oppenheimer was deported to Theresienstadt , where she died on May 17, 1943. In memory of Klara Oppenheimer, a stumbling block was laid in front of her parents' house at Friedenstrasse 26 .

Your life and work was recognized posthumously:

literature

  • Werner Dettelbacher: Dr. Klara Oppenheimer - the first established pediatrician in Würzburg. In: Würzburg medical history reports. Volume 21, 2002, pp. 43-48.
  • Women in Würzburg - city guide and reading book. Ed .: Equal Opportunities Office for Women in the City of Würzburg. Echter Verlag , Würzburg 1996. ISBN 3-429-01759-9 .
  • Franz Ziegler, Gereon Rempe: Klara Oppenheimer: Würzburg pediatrician. Fighter for women's rights. Holocaust victim. Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 2017. ISBN 978-3-8260-6365-7 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Georg Rosenthal at www.stolpersteine-wuerzburg.de
  2. ↑ www.eigenleben.org: When Klara lived in Würzburg .
  3. ^ Biographical database of Jewish Lower Franconia : Klara Oppenheimer .
  4. ↑ Klara Oppenheimer School: Klara Oppenheimer - a picture of life ( memento of the original dated February 11, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.klara-oppenheimer-schule.de
  5. ↑ Gisela Kaiser: About the admission of women to study medicine using the example of the University of Würzburg. In: Würzburg medical history reports. Volume 14, 1996, pp. 173-184, here: p. 182.
  6. ↑ Abituria Wirceburgia: Girls High School in 1922 at the secondary school Würzburg . Würzburg 2016.
personal data
SURNAME Oppenheimer, Klara
BRIEF DESCRIPTION first doctor with her own practice in Würzburg
DATE OF BIRTH November 6, 1867
PLACE OF BIRTH Frankfurt am Main
DATE OF DEATH May 17, 1943
Place of death Theresienstadt concentration camp