Small-leaved cotoneaster

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Small-leaved cotoneaster
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Small-leaved cotoneaster ( Cotoneaster microphyllus )

Systematics
Family : Rose family (Rosaceae)
Subfamily : Spiraeoideae
Tribe : Pyreae
Sub tribus : Pome fruit family (Pyrinae)
Genre : Medlars ( Cotoneaster )
Type : Small-leaved cotoneaster
Scientific name
Cotoneaster microphyllus
Wall. ex Lindl.

The small-leaved cotoneaster ( Cotoneaster microphyllus ) is an evergreen , up to 1 meter high shrub with red fruits from the group of pome fruits (Pyrinae). The natural range of the species is in China, India, Myanmar and Nepal. It is often used as an ornamental plant.

description

Leaves and fruits

The small-leaved cotoneaster is an evergreen, up to 1 meter high, densely branched shrub with prostrate branches. The branches stand upright and are sparsely branched. They are reddish brown to blackish brown, with round peduncles, initially yellowish hairy and gradually balding. The leaves are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The petiole is 1 to 2 or over 4 millimeters long and hairy. The stipules are lanceolate or linear, about as long as the petioles and slightly hairy. The leaf blade is simple, obovate to oblong obovate, 4 to 10, rarely up to 16 millimeters long and 4 to 8 millimeters wide, thick leathery, usually with a pointed, rarely marginalized or more or less blunt tip, with a broad wedge-shaped base and leaf margin bent downwards. The upper side of the leaf is shiny green, glabrous or sparsely hairy, with a sunken central vein ; the underside is hairy light gray, rarely bald, with a protruding central vein.

The flowers grow individually or up to three on 2 to 3 millimeters long, sparsely hairy pedicels. They have a diameter of 8 to 10 millimeters. The flower cup is bell-shaped and at least initially hairy on the outside. The sepals are ovate-triangular, with a blunt tip, 1 to 1.5 millimeters long and almost as wide. The petals are horizontal, they are white, rounded, about 4 millimeters long and about as wide, with a blunt tip and a short nailed base. The 15 to 20 stamens are shorter than the petals. The tip of the ovary is hairy. The two free-standing styles are shorter than the stamens. The scarlet, round fruits have a diameter of 5 to 6, rarely up to 10 millimeters. Two pips are formed per fruit.

The small-leaved cotoneaster flowers in May and June, the fruits ripen from August to September.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 68.

Occurrence and location requirements

The natural range is in the Chinese provinces of Sichuan , Xizang and Yunnan , in Bhutan, in the Himalayan region of India, in Nepal and Myanmar. The small-leaved cotoneaster grows in steppes , dry forests and shrub areas at an altitude of 2000 to 4200 meters on moderately dry to fresh, slightly acidic to alkaline, sandy-loamy to loamy, nutrient-rich soils in sunny to light-shady locations. The species loves warmth and is frost hardy .

Systematics

The Small-leaved cotoneaster ( Cotoneaster microphyllus ) is a kind of the genus of cotoneaster ( Cotoneaster ). It is in the family of the rose family (Rosaceae) of the subfamily spiraeoideae, tribes of the subtribe Pyreae maloideae assigned (Pyrinae). The species was first scientifically described in 1827 as Cotoneaster microphylla . The generic name Cotoneaster is derived from the Latin "cotoneum malum" for the quince ( Cydonia oblonga ). The ending "aster" is a coarse form for groups of plants that are considered inferior in comparison to similar groups. The specific epithet microphyllus comes from the Greek and means "small-leaved".

A distinction is made between up to four varieties , but their status as a variety is not generally recognized:

  • Cotoneaster microphyllus var. Cochleatus (Franchet) Rehder & EH Wilson having 2 to 4 millimeters long petioles and oval to egg-shaped oval, 5 long to 11 mm and 3 to 8 mm wide leaf blades, with gray white hairy leaf underside, bald top and rolled-up sheet edge. The flower cup on the outside and the sepals on the underside are dense and permanently gray haired. The petals are white. The number of chromosomes is 2n = 68. The variety grows at altitudes of 2000 to 3000 meters in Sichuan, Yunnan, Bhutan and Nepal.
  • Cotoneaster microphyllus var. Glacialis J.D. Hooker ex Wenzig with 1 to 2 millimeter long petioles and oval, 6 to 12 millimeter long and 4 to 7 millimeter wide leaf blades and glabrous or underneath not hairy leaf blades. The flower cup on the outside and the sepals on the underside are initially sparsely hairy and balding. The petals are slightly pink in color. The variety grows at altitudes of 3900 to 4200 meters in Xizang, Yunnan, Bhutan, India and Nepal.
  • Cotoneaster microphyllus var. Microphyllus with obovate to oblong obovate, 4 to 10 millimeters long and 4 to 7 millimeters wide, hairy leaf blades on both sides. The petals are white. It grows at altitudes of 2500 to 4200 meters in Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan, Bhutan, India and Nepal.
Leaves of the variety Cotoneaster microphyllus var. Thymifolius
  • Cotoneaster microphyllus var. Thymifolius (Baker) legs with narrow, oblong or oblong obovate to linear-lanceolate, 4 to 16 millimeters long and 1.5 to 5, rarely up to 7 millimeters wide, hairy leaf blades on both sides. The petals are pink-white in color. It grows at altitudes of 3000 to 4000 meters in Xizang, Yunnan, India and Nepal.

use

The small-leaved cotoneaster is often used as an ornamental wood because of its decorative flowers and remarkable fruits .

proof

literature

  • Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 9: Pittosporaceae through Connaraceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2003, ISBN 1-930723-14-8 , pp. 102-103 (English).
  • Andreas Roloff , Andreas Bärtels: Flora of the woods. Purpose, properties and use. With a winter key from Bernd Schulz. 3rd, corrected edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5614-6 , p. 232.
  • Jost Fitschen: Woody flora . 12th, revised and expanded edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2007, ISBN 3-494-01422-1 , p. 436 .
  • Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937872-16-7 (reprint from 1996).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ German name according to Roloff et al .: Flora der Gehölze , p. 232 and according to Fitschen: Gehölzflora , p. 436
  2. ↑ a b c d Zhi-Yun Zhang, Hongda Zhang, Peter K. Endress: Cotoneaster microphyllus , in: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China . Volume 9: Pittosporaceae through Connaraceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2003, ISBN 1-930723-14-8 , pp. 102 (English).
  3. ↑ a b c d Roloff et al .: Flora der Gehölze , p. 232
  4. ↑ Cotoneaster microphyllus at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  5. ↑ a b Cotoneaster microphyllus. In: Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). United States Department of Agriculture, accessed April 30, 2012 .
  6. ↑ D. Potter, T. Eriksson, RC Evans, S. Oh, JEE Smedmark, DR Morgan, M. Kerr, KR Robertson, M. Arsenault, TA Dickinson, CS Campbell: Phylogeny and classification of Rosaceae . Plant Systematics and Evolution, Volume 266, 2007, pp. 5-43. doi : 10.1007 / s00606-007-0539-9
  7. ↑ Exactly: Etymological Dictionary of Botanical Plant Names , p. 181
  8. ↑ Exactly: Etymological Dictionary of Botanical Plant Names , p. 385
  9. ↑ Zhi-Yun Zhang, Hongda Zhang, Peter K. Endress: Cotoneaster microphyllus var. Cochleatus , in: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (ed.): Flora of China . Volume 9: Pittosporaceae through Connaraceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2003, ISBN 1-930723-14-8 , pp. 103 (English).
  10. ↑ Zhi-Yun Zhang, Hongda Zhang, Peter K. Endress: Cotoneaster microphyllus var. Glacialis , in: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China . Volume 9: Pittosporaceae through Connaraceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2003, ISBN 1-930723-14-8 , pp. 103 (English).
  11. ↑ Zhi-Yun Zhang, Hongda Zhang, Peter K. Endress: Cotoneaster microphyllus var. Microphyllus , in: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China . Volume 9: Pittosporaceae through Connaraceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2003, ISBN 1-930723-14-8 , pp. 103 (English).
  12. ↑ Zhi-Yun Zhang, Hongda Zhang, Peter K. Endress: Cotoneaster microphyllus var. Thymifolius , in: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (ed.): Flora of China . Volume 9: Pittosporaceae through Connaraceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2003, ISBN 1-930723-14-8 , pp. 103 (English).

Web links

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