Bethlehem Monastery (Bützow)

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Image of the monastery in the Vicke Schorler-Rolle 1585 (right at the edge of the picture)

The Bethlehem Monastery of the Sisters of Common Life , a religious order with Augustinian rules, was founded in 1468 before Bützow , closed during the Reformation and converted into a princely poor house in 1567.

history

The male branch of the congregation , the Brothers of Common Life , was represented in neighboring Rostock with the Michaeliskloster since 1462 . The sisters from living together realized the ideals of their founder Geert Groote in quiet, active charity with manual labor, nursing and teaching girls.

Only ten documented reports have come down to us about the Bützow monastery with its Bethlehem house. The founding of the monastery is generally associated with a message from the great monastery reformer and Augustinian canon Johannes Busch . In 1468 the head of the Segeberghaus and the Michaeliskonvent in Lübeck asked the church reformer of the Windesheim congregation, Johannes Busch, for a mother for the new house of the sisters from living together in Bützow. On August 23, 1469, Bishop Werner Wolmers von Schwerin confirmed the new foundation with a regulation on the behavior of virgins. The initiative to found the monastery seems to have come from Bishop Werner, because during his term of office the brothers who lived together were already settled in Rostock. The location in front of Bützow also spoke for his abbey area. The bishop then helped the sisters to gain their rights several times by living together.

In 1470, Bishop Werner thanked the mayor and councilors of Wismar for their objection to Mr. Jaspar Wilde in favor of the sisters in Bethlehem zu Bützow for the goods and money for 30 Wismar pennies from the estate of Magister Nicolaus Lange, who died in Rome, with the Marienwohlde monastery have compared at Mölln .

In 1483 the Rostock citizen Gerdt von Kamen decreed in his will two and a half marks an annual pension for the virgins tho Bethlehem before Bürzow . In 1492 the older people of the Brotherhood of Our Dear Women in Rostock granted three marks annual interest from a legacy to the begotten of Bethlehem . In 1508, the Schwerin bishop Petrus Wolkow granted 40 days indulgence to those who would give something to the bebew and others noturfft of the oratorii before Bützow Bethlehem . 1511 was noted in the Rostock city book: Witlik sye dat de andechtige suster Geske sulstede nu tortyt moder betlehem in front of Buttzow prove myt bylwesen syster Margareten romp and hop from the whole Samelinge edder Conventes to vorlehen hefftopenbar confesses that this is the ervenffschecht delynge hal. . Ilsaeben hop in front of eres ßeligen vaders because of hinrik hopping. The virgins of Bethlehem near Bützow and the Augustinian monks from Sternberg were given a testamentary legacy of five marks each from Hinrich Becker from Wismar in 1517. .. den Mönnecken thom Sternbargh geue ick viff marck, item den Junckfrouwen tho Bethlehem by Bützow geue ick viff marck. In 1522, the Rostock mayor Arnd Hasselbeck gave the sisters from living together in his will with ten sundian marks. Further verifiable information from the pre-Reformation existence of the monastery is not available.

In the Bützow visitation protocols handed down from 1533, the chapel of the sisters of common life, which was located near the water, was no longer mentioned. Thus, the monastery must have been closed between 1522 and 1553. When social welfare was reorganized in Bützow, the Bethlehem monastery was converted into a princely poor house in 1567. Duke Ulrich confirmed the so-called Princely Poor House built by his wife , which existed independently of the municipal poor house. The duke gave this princely poor house 50 acres of fields, three meadows and a capital of 5393 gold guilders from the property of the abolished monastery and, in addition, the farm services from Passin and Baumgarten . During the Thirty Years' War , 828 gold florins were still outstanding in 1632.

Buildings of the monastery

The Ablassbrief Bishop Peter Volkov from 1508 indicates a building activity in the monastery. The provisional buildings from the Wilhelminian era are likely to have been replaced. The contemporary structural condition of 1585 was shown by the Rostock shopkeeper Vicke Schorler on the last sheet of the Vicke-Schorler scroll . In proportion to the other buildings of Bützow, the monastery clearly stands out in its good condition. The monastery was outside the Bützow city walls in front of the Rostock gate. Access to the facility was possible through two gates. The Gothic stepped gables of the gates with the boarded tower in the entrance area and the careful stone layers of the surrounding wall reinforced with spikes allow a detailed reconstruction of the monastery complex. On the roof of the two-storey main house with three axes, the name Bethlehem can even be read to the right of the weather vane . In the enclosed farm garden, the tendrils, leaves and stalks of the hop plants are drawn in as well as the relationship between the monastery and the Rostocker Tor with the road to Rostock and Warnow .

Little was left of the Bethlehem monastery in front of Bützow, apart from a few documents, the two street names in front of the Rostocker Tor and Jungfernstrasse .

literature

  • Karl Kopermann: History of the City of Rostock . Rostock 1890.
  • Friedrich Lisch : About the foundation of the monasteries in Bützow and Rühn . In: Yearbooks of the Association for Mecklenburg History and Archeology , Volume 8 (1843) pp. 1-8.
  • Franz Schildt: The diocese of Schwerin in the Protestant era (Part I) . In: Yearbooks of the Association for Mecklenburg History and Archeology, Volume 47 (1882) pp. 146–153.
  • Friedrich Schlie : The art and history monuments of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin . IV. Volume The district court districts Schwaan, Bützow, Sternberg, Güstrow, Krakow, Goldberg, Parchim, Lübz and Pau . Schwerin (1901), ISBN 3-910179-08-8 , pp. 69-70.
  • Karl Schmaltz : Church history of Mecklenburg I. Schwerin 1935.
  • Elisabeth Schnitzler: The intellectual and religious life of Rostock at the end of the Middle Ages . Berlin 1940, p. 110.
  • Gerhard Schlegel: Bethlehem Monastery of the Sisters of Common Life. In: Josef Traeger : The Stiftsland of the Schwerin bishops around Bützow and Warin. Leipzig 1984, pp. 65-66.
  • Gerhard Rehm: The sisters from living together in the north-western region . Berlin 1985
  • Ursula Creuz: Bethlehem Monastery in front of the Rostocker Tor , In: Bibliography of the former monasteries and monasteries in the area of ​​the Diocese of Berlin, the Episcopal Office of Schwerin and neighboring areas . Leipzig 1988, pp. 373-374.
  • Gerhard Schlegel: Bishop Werner Wolmers and the Bethlehem monastery in front of Bützow . Güstrow 1998, pp. 117-128.
  • Andreas Röpcke : Saint Elisabeth in Bützow. In: Mecklenburgische Jahrbücher. Volume 127, Schwerin 2012, pp. 289-293.

source

  • Vicke Schorler : Real Abcentrafactur of the highly lavish and world-famous old sea and Hanseatic city of Rostock, capital in the state of Meckelnburgk 1578–1586 . Rostock City Archives 1965.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Karl Kopermann: history of the city of Rostock . 1887 p. 109 ... before 1470, probably 1468 ...
  2. ↑ State Main Archive Schwerin LHAS, Regesten II. Clandrian No. 271b.
  3. ↑ LHAS Regesten Wismar.
  4. ↑ Church Economics Archive Rostock No. 210.
  5. ↑ LHAS Rostocker Visitation 1566, No. 49b.
  6. ↑ City Archives Rostock, Witschopbok no. 187a.
  7. ^ Dietrich Schröder: Papist Mecklenburg . Wismar 1741, p. 2875.
  8. ↑ LHAS Regesten Clandrian No. 271b.

Coordinates: 53 ° 51 ′ 0.9 ″  N , 11 ° 59 ′ 25.3 ″  E