Werner Wolmers

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Werner Wolmers (* Hamburg ; † 1473 in Bützow ) was the episcopal secretary and from 1458 to 1473 bishop of Schwerin . He took 27th place in the series of bishops in the Schwerin Ordinaries.

Life

Werner Wolmers, born around 1400 to 1410 in Hamburg , had enrolled at the University of Rostock on May 12, 1424 as Wernerus Woltmerus . In 1427 he obtained the academic degree of a Baccalaureus artium . In 1446 and 1448 he is attested as the episcopal secretary of Nicolaus Böddeker and notary. In 1446 Nicolaus Böddeker confirmed a vicarie in the St. Jürgen Chapel in front of Bützow in the presence of Magister Werner Wolmers urtiusque iuris Baccalaureus Secretarius Episcopi . From 1448 Wolmers held a canonical with preamble to the Schwerin cathedral chapter and held the office of thesaurary until 1455 .

He also developed activities in other dioceses. Werner Wolmers was provided with a vicariate at St. Marien in Parchim in 1447 and had rights to vicariates in St. Nikolai Hamburg , Werden (Wörden) in Dithmarschen as well as in Halberstadt , Zerbst and at the St. Ursula Altar of St. Johannis Church of Lueneburg . In addition, he was canon and dean of the Bardowicker Stift by papal award . From 1455 to 1458 he was still provost of the Schwerin cathedral chapter and canon of the Lübeck chapter. At times, Wolmers was also vicar at the St. Jacobus Minor Altar in the St. Katharinen and St. Marien Church in Hamburg , which was a common practice in the Middle Ages.

After the death of his predecessor, Bishop Gottfried II Lange on July 8, 1458, Werner Wolmers was appointed bishop on December 1, 1458, received the faculties on the following day and paid 921 guilders fees to the papal authorities by December 23, 1458. He was registered as bishop on July 10, 1459. The general duties of the Bishop of Schwerin included the spiritual and administrative management of the diocese and the sovereign administration of the monastery region around Bützow and Warin. In addition, the respective bishop was still chancellor of the Rostock University, founded in 1419. In addition to ordinations, his bishop's functions also included the consecration of newly built altars, chapels and churches as well as the support of building projects by granting indulgences. In 1461 Bishop Werner was in charge of the administration of vicariate property at St. Nikolai Rostock and in 1463 approved the vicarage foundation in the Rostock churches of St. Petri at the Marienaltar to support the theological chair at the university and St. Mary at the Three Kings Altar. In 1463, Bishop Werner began building the north wing of the Schwerin Cathedral Church and in 1470 donated a Marien-Bell.

In 1464 he allowed a newly found vicarie in the Kirchoff chapel of St. Marien Rostock. In 1467 he granted support and indulgences for the construction of the bell tower of St. Jakobi in Rostock in connection with the Turkish tax. On October 26, 1472, he and his Lübeck Dominican, Auxiliary Bishop Michael von Rentelen OP, approved a 40-day indulgence in favor of St. Mary's Church in Rostock for the completion of the copper roof and the new clock. In 1469, Bishop Werner approved the exchange of office for two clergymen from Waren and Plau , enfeoffing Conrad Escherde with a vicarie in Rühn . because itzo is no provost and confirms the vicar Petrus Werner for the St. Gertruden chapel near Plau.

Before he was raised to bishopric, Werner Wolmers helped the city of Lüneburg to settle war debts in 1458 as the canon of Lübeck. The Lübeck Bishop Arnold Westphal mediated further, together with King Christian I of Denmark and the Schwerin Bishop Werner Wolmers in Reinfeld in 1462, the peace in the Lüneburg Prelate War for the salt rights in the Hanseatic city of Lüneburg .

The time of interaction of Bishop Werner falls into the reign of the Duke Henry IV. , The thicknesses . Personal mortgage letters from the Duke with assignment and pledging of income exist from the entire tenure of Bishop Werner.

During his rather long pontificate, particular attention was paid to the canonical enforcement of the synodal resolutions of Bishop Nicolaus Böddeker , which Werner Wolmers had worked on as secretary. He had ruled to the satisfaction of the chapter and had been very economical . He was a hardworking and indefatigable man and had been in Rome at the papal court for a long time. As a bishop, he had actively campaigned for overcoming grievances in churches and monasteries. In 1465 he warned the council of Wismar about outstanding payments for the Brigittenkloster in Stralsund under threat of litigation. In 1469, Bishop Werner authorized the Abbot of Doberan to prosecute unruly tithe debtors in his monastery villages with church sentences. In 1470 he thanked the council of Wismar for a comparison of the sisters from living together in Bethlehem before Bützow about the payment of 30 Wismar pfennigs from a legacy of Magister Nicolaus Lange. Judicial measures against clerics, members of the spiritual class, have also come down to us from the period of office of the bishop. The Rostock University Rector and legal scholar Dr. Petrus Boye in his Collektaneenbuch. In 1461 the clerics and students of the University of Rostock, Wilhad Friis von Arlscher and Peter Swarte von Arhus, were sentenced to atonement by the official Hermann Becker for nocturnal riot, demolition in the house of the widow Kyndes and shooting with arrows. In 1462 there was a trial against the cleric and student Bernhard de Friesia from the University of Rostock for murderous attacks and injuries. In the same year there was a lawsuit against the cleric Heinrich Hellmann for burglary and theft in the monastery of the gray monks in Schwerin, which ended with the performance of the original feud.

Documented, Bishop Werner enforced canon law in his district until the end of his term of office, regardless of the person.

Bishop Werner's far-sighted attitude towards the Reform Order for his diocese was also remarkable. His direct support for the order reform of the Dominicans in Wismar in 1468/69 with the support of his auxiliary bishop Michael de Rentelen OP are known. In another reform movement, that of the semireligious, Bishop Werner had great services in founding the two monasteries of the brothers and sisters living together in Rostock and Bützow. The brothers from living together had been in Rostock since 1462 and in 1466 their branch was incorporated into the order. The sister house of Bethlehem Abbey in front of Bützow , donated in 1468, received its statutes from Bishop Werner on August 23, 1469. He also helped the sisters to obtain their rights several times. Werner Wolmers, with his bourgeois background, was one of the reform-minded bishops of his time.

Bishop Werner died in the 15th year of his reign around Michaelmas 1473 in Bützow. The date of death is not exactly known. He sealed his last document on October 9, 1473 and a trial file is dated December 30, 1473. He was buried in the Bützow collegiate church. The episcopal tombstone still existing at the end of the 16th century is said to have had the following inscription: In the year of Mr. M.CCCC.L.XX.III. (1473) the venerable father and sir, Mr. Wernerus Wolmers of Hamburg, the 25th bishop of Schwerin, died. Pray for him.

seal

A round seal of Bishop Werner Wolmers, a 35 millimeter key seal with an image plate has been preserved in the archive of the Hanseatic City of Wismar. A saint in priestly robe stands under a canopy, presumably the Evangelist John with a halo and the serpent in the chalice. At his feet a right-leaning shield with the family coat of arms, which shows a transverse ribbon with three clover leaves and is angled with the bishop's staff to the St. Andrew's cross.

The inscription reads: S WERNERI EPI ECCLIE SWERINENS.

literature

  • Grete Grewolls: Werner Wolmers . In: Who was who in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania . (1995) p. 477.
  • Dietrich Schröder: Papist Mecklenburg Wismar 1739.
  • Bernhard Hederich: Directory of the bishops of Schwerin . In: Georg Gustav Gerds: Useful collection of various good partly unprinted writings and clock customers. Wismar 1739.
  • FW Ebeling: The German bishops up to the end of the 16th century . Volume II. Leipzig 1858.
  • Alfred Rische: Directory of the bishops and canons of Schwerin with biographical remarks. Ludwigslust 1900.
  • Josef Traeger : The bishops of the medieval diocese of Schwerin . St. Benno Verlag Leipzig 1984, pp. 148-149.
  • Josef Traeger: The Bishops of the Diocese of Schwerin . In: The Stiftsland of the Schwerin bishops around Bützow and Warin. St. Benno Verlag Leipzig 1984, p. 97.
  • Gerhard Schlegel: Bishop Werner Wolmers (1458–1473) and the Bethlehem monastery in front of Bützow . In: 750 years of the collegiate church of St. Maria, St. Johannes and St. Elisabeth Bützow . Güstrow 1998, pp. 117-128.
  • Gerhard Schlegel: Wolmers, Werner . In: Biographical Lexicon for Mecklenburg . (2001) pp. 325-328.
  • Gerhard Schlegel: Bishop Werner Wolmers (1458–1473) - A reform bishop in Bützow and Schwerin . In: Mecklenburgische Jahrbücher Festschrift for Christa Cordshagen, supplement 114 (1999) pp. 97–111.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Josef Traeger: The Bishops of the Medieval Diocese of Schwerin , St-Benno-Verlag Leipzig 1984, pp. 148–149.
  2. ↑ Entry in the Rostock matriculation portal
  3. ^ Friedrich Lisch : Mecklenburgische Jahrbücher . Volume 24 (1859) Collection of documents p. 221.
  4. ^ Repertory Germanicum. German Historical Institute Rome, Tübingen 1985–1993, VI / I. No. 5773.
  5. ^ Alfred Rische: Directory of the bishops and canons of Schwerin. 1900 p. 4.
  6. ↑ Erich Kleindamm: Universitas Studii Erfordensis . Volume 1, Leipzig 1985, p. 87.
  7. ^ Dietrich Schröder: Papist Mecklenburg . Wismar 1741 p. 2209.
  8. ^ Fridrich Lisch: Mecklenburgische Jahrbücher . Volume 16 (1850), collection of documents p. 232.
  9. ^ Friedrich Lisch: On the building history of the Schwerin cathedral . In: Mecklenburgische Jahrbücher . Volume 42 (1872) p. 158.
  10. ↑ State Main Archive Schwerin LHAS Regesten II. No. 151a.
  11. ↑ Church Archives Schwerin , holdings of the Rostock church economy , documents No. 157
  12. ^ FW Ebeling: The German bishops up to the end of the 16th century. Leipzig 1858, p. 435.
  13. ↑ LHAS 1.6-1 University of Rostock, No. 000 Collektaneenbuch No. 2–6.
  14. ^ Josef Traeger: The activity of auxiliary bishops in the medieval diocese of Schwerin. Michael de Rentelen, OP, Bishop of Zimbabwe. In: The bishops of the medieval diocese of Schwerin . St. Benno Verlag Leipzig 1984, pp. 206-212.
  15. ↑ Gerhard Rehm: The sisters of common life . Berlin 1985 p. 134.
  16. ↑ LHAS Regesten II Clandrian, No. 271b.
  17. ^ Dietrich Schröder: Papist Mecklenburg . Wismar 1741, pp. 2249, 2257.
  18. ^ Bernhard Hederich: Directory of the bishops of Schwerin. In: Georg Gustav Gerds: Useful collections. Wismar 1739, p. 455.
  19. ^ Archive of the Hanseatic City of Wismar, Spiritual Documents, XL VII B. 12.
predecessor Office successor
Gottfried III. Long Bishop of Schwerin
1458 - 1473 		Balthasar of Mecklenburg
personal data
SURNAME Wolmers, Werner
BRIEF DESCRIPTION North German bishop
DATE OF BIRTH 15th century
PLACE OF BIRTH Hamburg
DATE OF DEATH 1473
Place of death Bützow