Michaeliskonvent

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House of the Michaelis Convent (2009)
Gable of the Michaeliskonvent (courtyard side, 2006)

The Michaeliskonvent , sometimes also called Segebergskonvent after its founder (or sister house at St. Aegidii or gray sisters ), was a monastic community in Lübeck . It was the oldest and largest settlement of the Sisters of the Common Life in the Baltic Sea area. The large collection of manuscripts in Middle Low German is also important .

history

In 1397 the Lübeck citizen Berthold Segeberg († 1408) bought the property on Aegidienstraße at the corner of Weberstraße ( older numbering : Johannesquartier 613-617, today St.-Annen-Straße 5) to use it for a poor house . The emerging community of women who submitted to a monastery-like rule under the patronage of the Archangel Michael was called the Segeberg or Michaeliskonvent .

In 1450/51, the councilor Johann Segeberg , a son of Berthold, donated a new building to the community, and with the support of Lübeck's Bishop Nikolaus II. Sachau , Sisters of Common Life , the female counterpart of the brothers of common life , found a home here to keep in mind to live the Devotio moderna . Thirteen years later, the Michaelis Chapel, which no longer exists, was built on the corner property. The community received an order through Bishop Arnold Westphal with the acceptance of the Augustine rule . The sisters wore simple clothes made of gray wool. The management was with a master ( mater , moder , rectrix , regerersche ). She was supported by twelve of the sisters, the officiariae . The total number of sisters was initially 30 and was increased to 40 by Bishop Albert II. Krummendiek and again to 50 by Bishop Dietrich II. Arndes . The sisters were under the supervision of the Augustinian monastery in Segeberg . The Convention was not poor. In 1468 sisters from Lübeck founded the Bethlehem Monastery in Bützow . The head of the Segeberghaus asked the monastery reformer of the Windesheim congregation, Johann Busch, for a sister from Lübeck for the newly founded Bethlehem monastery in front of Bützow. In 1469 Heinrich Blome gave the sisters their area with all rights. In 1511 they were able to lease the Falkenhusen estate from the Holy Spirit Hospital .

Their livelihood earned the sisters with the spinning and weaving of wool fabrics ; That's why they were also called wool sisters (low German lustful ). The wool they used was temporarily obtained for them by the Augustinians in Hildesheim. In 1480 the council decreed that their sheets should be 20 cubits in length and 3 cubits in width and that they should be made and drawn in three ways: the best type with the two-headed eagle on one side and the Lübeck coat of arms on the other, the second with the two-headed eagle with breast shield and the smallest only with the coat of arms. Three citizens were sworn to see that the sheets were made well and the signs made right. In 1477 she taught Johann Seifensieder to make white soap; they promised him to keep the art to themselves and not to trade in soap. In addition, they occasionally made copies of manuscripts and also raised girls and taught them.

In 1531, Johann Bugenhagen brought the Reformation to Lübeck , which led to the dissolution of the convent. The building initially served as a retirement home, and in 1556 the Lübeck orphanage moved into it .

In 1720 the building was largely renewed with a brick stepped gable and the roof structure was reinforced (beams dendrochronologically dated). In the 19th century there was a radical change inside. After being used as a social welfare office until 1998, it became part of the Aegidienhof Lübeck housing project from 2000 onwards .

Library

Page from a Middle Low German psaltery (Ms. theol. Germ. 8 ° 33) with illumination and the beginning of Psalm 1

Remarkable and of unique importance for the transmission of the Middle Low German language are the approximately 100 volumes that have been preserved in the library of the Michaeliskonvents, which have been in the city ​​library (Lübeck) since 1806 . An extensive anthology on 284 sheets contains, among other things, Vitae patrum , Freidank slogans and a cry for death . Two manuscripts are among the earliest examples of the reception of the Imitation of Christ ( Imitation of Christ ) by Thomas a Kempis in northern Germany.

The two memory books kept in the archive of the Hanseatic City of Lübeck , two manuscripts from 1463 and 1498, are also of particular importance .

Three more volumes from the convent library were transferred to the Hamburg City Library (today the Hamburg State and University Library ) via Ludwig Heinrich Kunhardt . A history Bible manuscript from 1470/80 came into the possession of Caspar Siegfried Gähler and is now in the Houghton Library of Harvard University .

Furnishing

In the house, wall and ceiling paintings from the 17th and 19th centuries have survived.

In the St. Anne's Museum there are two altar shrines that used to stand in the Michaeliskonvent or in the immediately adjacent Aegidienkonvent: the fourteen helper altar , a winged altar from around 1500, and a smaller Anne shrine from the end of the 15th or At the beginning of the 16th century, as well as a panel from 1480/90, acquired from the art trade in 1999, showing a Madonna with a praying donor (Councilor Hinrich Lipperade ) and attributed to Hermen Rode .

A small wooden reliquary box has also been preserved.

literature

  • Rudolf Struck : The Segeberg family from Lübeck and their relationships with the universities of Rostock and Greifswald , in: Journal of the Association for Lübeck History and Antiquity, ISSN  0083-5609 , Vol. 20 (1919), 1, pp. 85–116 ( PDF ) .
  • Brigitte Derendorf, Brigitte Schulte: The book directory in the memory book of the Lübeck Michaeliskonvents. In: José Cajot: Lingua theodisca: Contributions to linguistics and literary studies; Jan Goossens on his 65th birthday. Muenster; Hamburg: Lit 1995 (Netherlands Studies; Vol. 16) ISBN 3-8258-2279-6 Volume 2, pp. 985-1010
  • Rafael Ehrhardt: The memory book of the St. Michaelis convent in Lübeck. Two manuscripts from the years 1463 and 1498. Lübeck: Schmidt-Römhild 1994 (publications on the history of the Hanseatic city of Lübeck, series B, vol. 24)
  • Rafael Ehrhardt: Family and Memoria in the City. A case study on Lübeck in the late Middle Ages. Dissertation, Göttingen 2001. [ http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-B397-B SUB Göttingen] with a prosopography of the council families von Alen, Darsow, Geverdes, Segeberg and Warendorf.
  • Julius Hartwig: The question of women in medieval Lübeck. In: Hansische Geschichtsblätter 14 (1908), pp. 35–94, especially pp. 85–88 ( PDF ).
  • Johann Peter Wurm: The foundation of the Michaeliskonvent of the sisters of common life in Lübeck. In: Zeitschrift des Verein für Lübeckische Geschichte und Altertumskunde 85 (2005), pp. 25–53 ( PDF ).

Web links

Commons : Michaeliskonvent  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
  • Entry in the Schleswig-Holstein and Hamburg monastery project

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Wurm (lit.), p. 25
  2. ↑ In the same year he also donated the poor house at Dr.-Julius-Leber-Strasse 67.
  3. ↑ Document book of the city of Lübeck: 1139-1470. , Volume 10, No. CCCXC: 1463 Aug 15-22: Fundatio domus sororum sancti Michaelis apud Egidium ( digitized version )
  4. ^ Gerhard Schlegel: The forgotten Bethlehem monastery of the sisters from living together in Bützow . In: Josef Traeger: The Stiftsland of the Schwerin bishops around Bützow and Warin. Leipzig 1984, pp. 65-66.
  5. ^ After Hartwig (Lit.), p. 88
  6. ↑ Today's signature: Ms. theol. germ. 2 ° 1
  7. ^ Entry in the Bielefeld project Medieval Authorities
  8. ^ Entry in the manuscript census
  9. ↑ Ms. theol. germ. 8 ° 43, after war evacuation today St. Petersburg, National Library, Goll. OI19, entry in the manuscript census, as well as Ms. theol. germ. 8 ° 54
  10. ^ Paul Hagen: Two originals of the "Imitatio Christi" in Middle Low German translations. (German texts of the Middle Ages 34) Weidmann 1930
  11. ^ Paul Hagen : The German theological manuscripts of the Lubeck city library. Lübeck: Schmidt-Römhild 1922 (Publications of the City Library of the Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck 1,2), p. VII; First description by Conrad Borchling in: Middle Low German Manuscripts in Northern Germany and the Netherlands. First travel report. In: News from the Royal. Society of Sciences at Göttingen. Philol.-hist. Class, business reports 1898, Göttingen 1899, pp. 79–316. ( Digitized version ), p. 111
  12. ↑ Eckehard Simon: A Lübeck history Bible handwriting (approx. 1470/75) in the Houghton Library. In: Journal for German Antiquity and German Literature 107 (1978), pp. 113-121
  13. ^ Wall and ceiling paintings in Lübeck houses
  14. ↑ See Hildegard Vogeler : The Altars of the St. Annen Museum. Lübeck 1993, pp. 25 and 83; Uwe Albrecht , Jörg Rosenfeld and Christiane Saumweber: Corpus of medieval wood sculpture and panel painting in Schleswig-Holstein , Volume I: Hanseatic City of Lübeck, St. Annen Museum. Kiel: Ludwig, 2005. ISBN 3-933598-75-3 , nos. 81, 88 and 126
  15. ↑ Relic box


Coordinates: 53 ° 51 ′ 49.5 "  N , 10 ° 41 ′ 24.3"  E