Lübeck orphanage
The orphanage in Lübeck was a Lübeck institution that was only to be temporarily closed in April 1929.
prehistory
The orphanage , which was founded shortly after the Reformation in 1546/47 , was one of the oldest institutions of its kind in Germany. In Augsburg such in 1572, was in Hamburg in 1597, in Frankfurt founded 1647th
The reason for this establishment was after a paper published in 1847 by the publishing house Gebrüder Borchers in Lübeck on the occasion of the 300th anniversary of a great famine in the winter of 1546/47.
“The previous winter was so severe that you could walk across the ice from Zealand to Skåne , which caused the winter grain to freeze to death in the ground and the harvest to be extremely poor. Since the expected supplies from abroad did not materialize when this discomfort was spread across all neighboring countries, such inflation arose in Lübeck that soon neither grain nor bread could be obtained other than at excessive prices that were completely unaffordable for the poor. "
The chroniclers report that already at 3 o'clock in the morning hundreds of the back houses occupied. The poorer class therefore had to switch to barley and birch bark as substitutes.
The famine in the city was accompanied by a severe fever . The effects were devastating .
So suddenly numerous fatherless and motherless children stood on the streets and in public places, mostly unsuccessfully begging for bread .
history
The founding of the private charity under public supervision in Lübeck went back to the initiative of respected philanthropic citizens. They stopped at the council to see if it could temporarily make a bar available for the children who had been deprived of welfare workers . There one could accommodate and feed the brought together children.
The council made a house available in Mühlenstrasse , now number 63 . This inn was donated by Everhard Klingenberg in 1376 . It was once created for Pilgrimme and stood empty after the pilgrimages ceased.
The council elected twelve citizens to head the foundation . Two of them were from each of the five municipal parishes .
Of these ten, an impoverished ship's captain and his wife, the former under the name of a guest master , were employed. To ensure the institution's economy , they were provided with an unmarried teacher to participate. The decision of the board of directors was subject to the approval of the senate and the citizenship until the end .
Since it was only dependent on the charity of individual citizens at the beginning, it was difficult for their heads to maintain it at the beginning.
The beneficial effect of such an institution quickly convinced the citizens of the city and provided them with larger gifts of love , capital and annual pensions. The first such gift is recorded:
"Anno 1551 In Juny ys dene poor vader- and modereless Kynderen togerefen 1 Hus in Molenstraten utt selygen Klawes Wyttennsynem Testament, ys ferkofft to Tobyas Attmer for 1300 CM."
Besides testamentary dispositions of the foundation were soon other gifts facing :
- Anno 1553 the 23 November ys given the poor Kynderen de Egendom des Brunsthavens, withered ys jarlyker Borynge 25, warvan se betteren end bewemotten ys an hovetstolle 500 CM. Dytt ys geschenn von den Samtlyken Naberenn nadem man den Staven wolde fargan latten so datt edt eyn Staven blyven salt alle Tyden.
- Anno 1552 up Johannys ys the poor Kynderen geffen from the oldest Frykkaryen der Kerken tom Dome en Hoffet Stolle ys 200 CM.
- Anno 1558 the 19 in April the poor Kynderen were attacked by Gert van Booke, Hans Wyttenn, Hyndryk Tatendorp and Gert von Lotteren, who came from the Guderen wovan de summa ys 211 CM.
In the first ten years of its existence , the establishment acquired a capital fund of almost 5,000 Courantmarks , which was very respectable for that time .
It was then careful to buy the orphans their own house. The preferred property was the only provisional pilgrims' hostel . However, the negotiations between the heads of the orphans and the Klingberg heirs failed.
After several unsuccessful efforts, the purchase of Hinrich Schulten 's brewery in Rittergassen opposite St. Anne's Church was completed in 1556 , but when the council issued an urgent decision to give orphans the building of the previous Michaelis or Segeberg convent on Weberstrasse corner opposite the Aegidienkirche in today's Aegidienhof as a new apartment. In 1703, the newly elected councilor Gotthard Ploennies was dismissed from the council because he insisted on observance of the gate lock on the day of the children's festival of the orphanage, which took place in front of the mill gate .
The orphanage's coat of arms and the insignia of the pupils, which the boys wore in red and the girls in blue , can be traced back to this. While seemed the blue and red costume , see adjacent to 1894 by Gotthardt Kuehl painted paintings , the pupils at the end to be no longer up to date, but it was carried on until the dissolution of the orphanage.
The Weber Road opposite is next to the church and the Lübeck Logenhaus . There is a sign on this, which indicates that August Hermann Francke , who later founded the orphanage in Halle , was born there on March 22nd, 1663 .
From 1557 to 1810 the convent served the purpose of caring for orphans. With the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss the Lübeck cathedral chapter was dissolved, and one of the curiae that became free, the former curia of the cathedral dean ( Dechaney , cathedral cemetery No. 7) located at the corner of the cathedral cemetery and purgatory , was acquired in 1805 as the new location of the orphanage. The property could be expanded by acquiring the former Kurtzrock'schen Kuria at the Parade . From 1831 to 1834, the house housed a cholera hospital after the pupils had moved to Bernstorff's house on Koberg .
In the course of time, several plots of land were acquired for the orphanage by the headmen . Since 1708, the institution had a garden along the way to Stockelsdorf , today's Fackenburger Allee . In that there was a manor house that served the headmaster for summer pleasure . Opposite this, today's Waisenallee offered the pupils space for their bird shooting , the later orphans' festival . The festival was later held in the Schützenhof and then in the Lübeck concert hall . With the beginning of World War I , it was no longer celebrated. Before the mill gate , the orphanage owned hop land .
The dissolution on April 1, 1929 was only supposed to be provisional. The existing foundation capital was still administered and should be made available to the well-being of the youth by running a youth hostel . The students of the boarding school were distributed among the individual schools. They were either housed in private care or assigned to the An der Mauer children's homes and Wakenitzhof .
The now former Lübeck orphanage became a youth hostel and in 1930 the house of youth . With the beginning of the Third Reich it was renamed Herbert-Norkus-Heim and in 1934 it was also the seat of HJ-Bann 162 . From 1936, the district youth administration of the DAF , as well as the local group Lübeck of the Reich Association of German Youth Hostels had their offices here. 1938 took another department youth care of the youth office added.
On the night of Palm Sunday 1942, the house was completely destroyed in the air raid on Lübeck .
A simple post-war building stands in its place today. It still serves tasks of youth welfare.
Inside of the building before the dissolution
Pure classicism was expressed in the pillars enclosing the portal . Although these were considered too thin for the powerful building . Only the round arch gave the building a pre-classical touch.
The portal led to a tiled hallway from which one came through the side door to the playground surrounded by lime trees .
Vis-à-vis was the meeting room with the family coat of arms of the rulers , which dates back to 1633 .
On the lower floor was a large hall - which was used both as a dining room, play room and teaching purposes - as well as two classrooms - which were also day rooms for the children. Gotthardt Kuehl gave a vivid impression of them with his pictures from around 1894.
The living quarters of the employees , two further classrooms, the handicraft room and the hospital rooms were on the first floor .
The bedrooms were on the second floor. Modern, iron bedsteads offered a convenient deposit and the washing facilities were up to date status .
Orphanage education
The widely-recognized school of the institution , particularly gave the girl in handwork a purely practical training . So the entire laundry had to be maintained and renewed independently . In the end, each of them sewed his trousseau to enter the profession .
References
literature
- Charles Hornung Petit : The Lübeck orphanage. Brief report on its origins and development up to the present day , Lübeck 1918
- The orphanage in Lübeck 1546-1929. Redesign of the institution. In: Father-city sheets. No. 14, year 1929/30, edition from April 14, 1929.
- The orphanage in Lübeck 1546-1929. Redesign of the institution. In: Father-city sheets. No. 15, year 1929/30, edition from April 28, 1929.
- On the threshold of classicism. In: Father-city sheets. Year 1919/20, edition from September 14, 1919.
- The orphanage in Lübeck. In: Father-city sheets. No. 37, year 1897, edition from September 19, 1897.
- Hans Regkmann : Lübeck Chronicle. Vögelin, Heidelberg 1620.
- [David Friedrich Richter]: The orphanage in Lübeck in its three hundred years of existence. Lübeck, Rohden 1847.
- Johann Rudolph Becker (ed.): Complicated history of the Kaiserl. and salvation. Roman Empire freyen city of Lübeck. 1782-1805.
- Lübeck address book. of the year 1929 ff.
- Friedrich Bruns , Hugo Rahtgens , Lutz Wilde : The architectural and art monuments of the Hanseatic city of Lübeck. Volume I, Part 2: City Hall and public buildings of the city. Max Schmidt-Römhild, Lübeck 1974, pp. 386-391 ISBN 9783795000349
Archives
- City archive of the Hanseatic City of Lübeck
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Note: Just like when it was founded, it was also an unusually severe winter when it was abolished.
- ↑ Saint Michael , patron saint of the Germans, fighting the dragon
- ↑ Cross in the shield of the saints
- ↑ The 162 was a reminiscence of the last Lübeck regiment: Infantry Regiment "Lübeck" (3rd Hanseatic) No. 162
Coordinates: 53 ° 51 ′ 45.1 ″ N , 10 ° 41 ′ 15.2 ″ E