Kocioł Łomniczki
Coordinates: 50 ° 44 ′ 39.1 ″ N , 15 ° 44 ′ 4.9 ″ E
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The Kocioł Łomniczki ( Melzergrund ) is a glacial cirque in the western Sudetes of Poland near the border with the Czech Republic . At around 300 meters, it is the deepest glacier basin in the Giant Mountains.
location
The cirque is located near Karpacz (Krummhübel) between the steeply sloping eastern slope below the Koppenplans (Polish: Równia pod Śnieżką) and the northwest flank of the Schneekoppe . Its basin is about 1240 meters long and 710 meters wide and is only separated in the south by a narrow ridge between and Schneekoppe from the Obří důl ( giant ground ) opposite .
Hydrology
The area is drained via the Łomniczka ( Little Lomnitz ) mountain stream, the headwaters of which are located on the Koppenplan, an extremely water-rich plateau below the Schneekoppe, at an altitude of around 1402 m above sea level. At the northern end of the Melzergrund, the brook falls in a gorge over numerous cascades, the so-called Wodospad Łomniczka , in an impressive manner 300 meters down to flow into the Łomnica ( Great Lomnica ) behind Karpacz .
Emergence
The basin was created by an Ice Age glacier and was formed during the Pleistocene , probably during the last glacial period . It is noticeable that no moraines are found in the boiler itself; they were probably carried away by the waters of the Łomniczka. This is supported by the fact that many heaps of rubble were deposited along the valley floor . At an altitude of 880 to 900 m above sea level, moraine lines mark the outermost boundary of the former glacier, whose largest extension was therefore 2000 meters.
tourism
In winter the basin is at great risk of avalanches and is therefore closed to tourism. During the warm season, however, the shortest ascent to the summit of the Schneekoppe can be taken through the Melzergrund. The path was laid out in 1884 by the Schaffgotsche Forest Administration and is today a section of the Sudeten Main Hiking Trail (Główny Szlak Sudecki), which connects Breslau (Wrocław) and Wölfelsgrund (Międzygórze).
From Wilcza Poręba (Wolfshau), a southern district of Karpacz, it goes steeply for about 4.5 km through the valley of the Little Lomnitz, past the Melzergrundbaude ( Nad Łomniczką ) first up to the Schlesierhaus ( Schronisko Dom Śląski ). Up to this point, a little more than 700 meters of altitude must be overcome. If you add 15 minutes to the normal walking time for every 100 meters of altitude, the path can be walked in around two to three hours for experienced hikers. The ascent from the Schlesierhaus to Schneekoppe then takes another 30 minutes.
Flora, fauna and nature conservation
At the beginning of the path there is still old coniferous and deciduous trees (namely beech , maple and mountain ash ). Here is the habitat of the dormouse (Muscardinus avellanarius) and the pine marten (Martes martes), but deer and wild boar can also be found at this altitude. The narcissus anemone (Anemone narcissiflora) grows along the entire path.
With increasing altitude, the forest becomes lighter and the areas with dead spruce become larger. The acid rain is mainly responsible for this. Different types of beetles and insects live in the dead wood. B. snow sparrow , wheatear or redstart are. From a height of about 1100 meters, the trees get lower and lower and give way to crooked wood and berry bushes. At 1300 meters, the tree line is finally reached and the alpine fireweed (Epilobium anagallidifolium) grows between the damp scree .
The Melzergrund is one of the oldest areas in the Sudetes, which were established to protect rare flora and fauna. It has been designated as a nature reserve since 1933 and is now part of the Polish National Park Karkonoski Park Narodowy (KPN).
memorial
A symbolic mountain cemetery was set up in 1986 for the mountain victims in the Giant Mountains on a rocky promontory on the west wall, below the Kleine Koppe (Polish: Kopa).
gallery
Individual evidence
- ^ Knapik R., 2011: Kocioł Łomniczki. Sudety, 3: 34-35.
- ↑ Information brochure KRKONOSE.eu, page 12 ( Memento from December 14, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Gazeta Wrocławska