Gauch-leaved fireweed

Gauch-leaved fireweed
	Gauchheil fireweed ( Epilobium anagallidifolium )
Systematics
	Eurosiden II
Order :	Myrtle-like (Myrtales)
Family :	Evening primrose family (Onagraceae)
Subfamily :	Onagroideae
Genre :	Willowherb ( epilobium )
Type :	Gauch-leaved fireweed
Scientific name
	Epilobium anagallidifolium
	Lam.

The Gauchheilblättrige willowherb , Gauchheil willowherb or Alpine willowherb ( Epilobium anagallidifolium ) is a species of the genus willowherb ( Epilobium ) within the family of the evening primrose family (Onagraceae). It is circumboreal and widespread in the mountains of the northern hemisphere .

description

Illustration from Atlas of Alpine Flora

Vegetative characteristics

The Gauchheil willowherb is a perennial , herbaceous plant and usually reaches heights of 4 to 10 centimeters (2 to 25 centimeters). It has an arched rhizome several centimeters long . The stems are grouped together, often forming a lawn. They are angular and have two to four slightly raised longitudinal ridges. They are bald and only hairy on the edges. The tip hangs over during flowering. Above-ground, leafy runners are formed at the bottom during the flowering period .

The leaves are arranged opposite to each other up to the inflorescence and are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The petiole is up to 2 millimeters long. The simple, bald leaf blade is ovate-oblong with a length of 1 to 2, rarely up to 2.5 centimeters and a width of 0.2 to 0.8 centimeters. The base of the spread is wedge-shaped and the leaf margin is entire, there are no clear teeth.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from July to September. The nodding inflorescence contains one to six flowers .

The hermaphrodite flowers are 4 to 5 millimeters long, radially symmetrical and have a long tube. The axis cup is scattered with glandular hairs or almost bare. The crown is funnel-shaped. The petals are 3 to 4.5 millimeters long and have a blunt edge. The upright style ending in a capitate stigma .

The capsule fruit 2 to 4 centimeters long, scattered hairy when young, later balding. The seeds are around 1.2 millimeters long, spindle-shaped and smooth. At the top they have a short, translucent appendage.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 36.

ecology

The Gauchheil fireweed is a hemicryptophyte .

The pollination is done by insects or by self-pollination .

distribution

Epilobium anagallidifolium is circumboreal and widespread in the mountains of the northern hemisphere . The Gauchheil fireweed occurs scattered in the mountains of Europe, u. a. Alps , Black Forest , Bavarian Forest , Ore, Iser and Giant Mountains.

It grows in central Europe in springy places and on resting, damp rubble. It prefers soakable , nutrient-rich clay soils and occurs predominantly over silicate rock . It is restricted to the alpine altitude range , in the montane altitude range it only comes down as a flood. In the Bavarian Alps it grows at altitudes between 1500 and 2300 meters. In the Allgäu Alps, it rises from 1540 meters east of the Riedberger Horn to an altitude of 2200 meters. In Austria it is only missing in Vienna and Burgenland.

In terms of plant sociology, in Central Europe it is a kind of the snow- soil societies (Salicetea herbaceae), the rock rubble and rubble societies (Androsacion alpinae) or the lime-poor spring meadows (Cardamino-Montion).

literature

Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive . CD-ROM, version 1.1. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .
Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 .

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 686 .
↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , pp. 252-253.

Web links

Commons : Gauchheil-leaved fireweed ( Epilobium anagallidifolium ) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Epilobium anagallidifolium Lam., Gauchheil willowherb. In: FloraWeb.de.
Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
Gauch-leaved fireweed . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
Epilobium anagallidifolium Lam. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved December 29, 2015.
Distribution in the northern hemisphere
Thomas Meyer: Data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )

[Oberdorfer2001-1] Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 686 .

[Dörr-Lippert-2] Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , pp. 252-253.