Garcinia indica

Garcinia indica
	Garcinia indica
Systematics
	Eurosiden I
Order :	Malpighiales (Malpighiales)
Family :	Clusiaceae
Subfamily :	Clusioideae
Genre :	Garcinia
Type :	Garcinia indica
Scientific name
	Garcinia indica
	( Thouars ) Choisy

Garcinia indica fruits

Garcinia indica fruits with seeds with white-reddish pulp

blossom

Garcinia indica or Kokum also (Indian) butter tree and Indian gamboge , is a tropical tree from the Clusiaceae family from India.

Diploknema butyracea and Madhuca longifolia are also known as Indian butter trees .

description

Garcinia indica grows as an evergreen tree up to 17 meters high . Buttress roots are mostly present.

The opposite, bare leaves are up to 11 centimeters long, short-stalked and elliptical, lanceolate to obovate. The leaf margins are whole, the tip is rounded to pointed or pointed. Stipules are missing.

Garcinia indica is polygam- dioecious , so there are usually male and female plants, but also such with hermaphrodite flowers before, even Triözie , monoecism and Gyno- and Andromonözie and Gynodioecy is possible. The yellowish or reddish flowers are four-fold with a double flower envelope . The short-stalked female flowers usually appear terminally individually or in threes up, it can Staminodien be present, the ovary is upper constant with a sitting and multi-lobed stigma . The male flowers appear axillary or terminal in small groups of up to eight to ten, they have many stamens , there may be pestillods.

Depending on the morphotype , mostly dark purple or reddish but also yellow to greenish, round to pear-shaped and up to 4 centimeters large berries with a permanent calyx and up to eight seeds are formed. The kidney-shaped, flattened and reddish-brown seeds are from a white-reddish endocarp (no -Pulpe aril ) wrapped up and lying in the fleshy pulp.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 48 or 54.

Taxonomy

It was first described in 1806 under the Basionym Brindonia indica by Louis Marie Aubert Du Petit-Thouars in Dict. Sci. Nat. [F. Cuvier] 5: 340. In 1824 Jacques-Denis Choisy made the new combination to Garcinia indica in Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 1: 561. Other synonyms are Garcinia purpurea (G.Don) Roxb. , Garcinia celebica (Thouars) Desr. Thouars , Brindonia celebica , Oxycarpus indica (Thouars) Poir. , Stalagmitis indica (Thouars) G.Don , Stalagmitis purpurea G.Don and Brindonia oxycarpa Thouars .

use

The fruits are edible and cocum butter is obtained from the seeds .

literature

PN Ravindran: The Encyclopedia of Herbs and Spices. Vol. 1, CABI, 2017, ISBN 978-1-78639-114-8 , pp. 505-509.
KS Joseph, HN Murthy: Sexual system of Garcinia indica Choisy: geographic variation in trioecy and sexual dimorphism in floral traits. In: Plant Systematics and Evolution. 301 (3), 2014, pp. 1065-1071, doi: 10.1007 / s00606-014-1120-y , online at academia.edu, accessed on November 4, 2018.

Web links

Commons : Garcinia indica - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Garcinia indica at Useful Tropical Plants, accessed November 4, 2018.

Individual evidence

↑ M. Niveditha: Morphological and chemical characterization of different fruit morpho types in garcinia indica choisy. Thesis, UASD, 2013, online (PDF) at KrishiKosh, accessed November 4, 2018.
^ EJH Corner: The Seeds of Dicotyledons. Vol. 1, Cambridge Univ. Press, 1976, ISBN 0-521-20688-X , pp. 98-102.
↑ Garcinia indica at KEW Science, accessed November 4, 2018.

[1] M. Niveditha: Morphological and chemical characterization of different fruit morpho types in garcinia indica choisy. Thesis, UASD, 2013, online (PDF) at KrishiKosh, accessed November 4, 2018.

[2] EJH Corner: The Seeds of Dicotyledons. Vol. 1, Cambridge Univ. Press, 1976, ISBN 0-521-20688-X , pp. 98-102.

[3] Garcinia indica at KEW Science, accessed November 4, 2018.