Madhuca longifolia

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Madhuca longifolia
Madhuca longifolia

Madhuca longifolia

Systematics
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Asterids
Order : Heather-like (Ericales)
Family : Sapot family (Sapotaceae)
Genre : Madhuca
Type : Madhuca longifolia
Scientific name
Madhuca longifolia
( J.Koenig ex L. ) JFMacbr.
Fruit heads
Fleshy flowers
fruit
Seeds

Madhuca longifolia also Indian butter tree or Mowra (h) , Mahua or Mohua and Mahwa- or Madhukabaum , jelly tree and illipe , is a tropical tree from the family of Sapotengewächsen. It comes from the Indian subcontinent , where it is used in many ways.

Diploknema butyracea and Garcinia indica are also known as Indian butter trees .

description

Madhuca longifolia is an evergreen to semi-evergreen tree that grows to about 18 meters high. The trunk diameter can reach up to 80 centimeters. The bark is slightly cracked and scaly and gray-brownish. The tree has a milky sap .

The stalked and smooth leaves are elliptical, ovate to obovate or lanceolate, they are screwed in groups at the branch ends. They can be up to 23 centimeters long and they are round-pointed or pointed to pointed with a whole edge. The alternately pinnate veins and the leaf stalks are cream-colored. There are falling stipules.

The yellowish, fragrant and long-stemmed, hermaphrodite flowers with a double bloom cover are in dense groups, clusters. The mostly four-part, leathery calyx is brownish and tomentose. There are about seven to ten, fleshy and basal fused petals with pointed tips, they are only short-lived and then fall off as a whole. There are up to 25, short stamens in several circles, with hairy, arrow-shaped anthers. The Upper permanent and multilocular ovary is hairy with a long pen with capitate stigma .

Greenish to yellowish and up to 4.5 centimeters large, one to four-seeded and roundish to egg-shaped, sparsely hairy berries are formed. The brown, ellipsoidal, smooth and shiny seeds (nuts) are up to 3.5 centimeters long.

The flowers are pollinated by bats that feed on the fleshy petals.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 14 or 16.

distribution

Madhuca longifolia occurs in India, Nepal , Sri Lanka and Bangladesh .

Taxonomy / systematics

The first description is made by Carl Linné as Bassia longifolia in Mantissa Plantarum 2 (app.): 563, 1771, after Illippe malabarorum by Johann Gerhard König. The reallocation and renaming took place in 1918 by James Francis Macbride in Contr. Gray Herb. 53: 17. The variety Madhuca longifolia var. Latifolia was published in 1943 by Auguste Jean Baptiste Chevalier in Rep. Bot. Appl. 23: 149 named.

Further synonyms are Vidoricum longifolium (J.Koenig ex L.) Kuntze , Vidoricum latifolium (Roxb.) Kuntze , Madhuca indica J.F.Gmel. , Madhuca latifolia (Roxb.) JFMacbr. , Illipe latifolia (Roxb.) F.Muell. , Illipe latifolia F. Muell. , Illipe latifolia Engl. And Illipe malabarorum grass , Bassia latifolia Roxb. , Bassia villosa Wall. ex G.Don. and Illipe malabarorum subsp. alphonsae Dubard , Illipe malabrorum subsp. latifolia (Roxb.) Dubard.

There are two varieties:

  • Madhuca var. Longifolia ; with longer and thicker leaves and fruits. It occurs in central Nepal, India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka .
  • Madhuca var. Latifolia ( Roxb. ) A.Chev. ; with larger and thinner leaves and rounder fruits, as well as smoother rind. It occurs in central to northern India, in Bangladesh and perhaps in Myanmar.

use

The seeds provide a kind of Illipe butter or Mowrah butter (Mahua, Mowra (h), mohua oil). The phulwara butter of Diploknema butyracea is similar .

The sweet, fleshy flowers and fruits are edible. The flowers can be cooked or eaten raw, they are also used in vinegar and liqueur production and medicinally.

The wood is hard, heavy and durable. It can be used for furniture, house building and others.

literature

  • Klaus Kubitzki : The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Vol. VI, Springer, 2004, ISBN 978-3-642-05714-4 (reprint), pp. 390-408.
  • M. Kundu, LH Schmidt, MJ Jørgensen: Madhuca longifolia. In: Seed Leaflet. 156, 2012, Københavns Universitet, online (PDF), accessed November 3, 2018.

Web links

Commons : Madhuca longifolia  - collection of images, videos and audio files
  • Madhuca longifolia at Useful Tropical Plants, accessed November 3, 2018.
  • Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon. Volume 9, Leipzig 1907, p. 758 .: Illipe at Zeno.org .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Madhuca longifolia. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved June 4, 2020.
  2. ↑ Plant List
  3. ↑ Umberto Quattrocchi: CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants. CRC Press, 2012, ISBN 978-1-4200-8044-5 , p. 2374.
  4. ↑ MK Dhakar, DK Sarolia u. a .: Mahua - Madhuca longifolia (Koenig) JF Macribide. In: SN Ghosh: Breeding of Underutilized Fruit Crops. Part II, Narendra Pub., 2015, ISBN 978-93-84337-40-7 , pp. 305-325.
  5. ↑ Madhuca bourdillonii (Gamble) Lam. from Environmental Information System, Center for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, accessed November 3, 2018.
  6. ↑ MF Ramadan, AA Mohdaly, AM Assiri, M. Tadros, B. Niemeyer: Functional characteristics, nutritional value and industrial applications of Madhuca longifolia seeds: an overview. In: J. Food Sci Technol. 53 (5), 2016, 2149-57, PMID 27407181 .
  7. ↑ Madhuca longifolia at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.