Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Center)
| United Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) | |
|---|---|
.svg)
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| Party leader |
Pushpa Kamal Dahal (Prachanda) |
| founding | 1994 |
| fusion | May 17, 2018 (incorporated into: Nepalese Communist Party ) |
| Headquarters | Kathmandu , Nepal |
| Colours) | red |
| International connections | Revolutionary internationalist movement |
| Website | www.ucpnm.org |
The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Center) (CPN-MC) was founded in 1994 as the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) - KPN (M) and has been behind the great peasant uprising since 1996 . The party's Central Committee was chaired by Pushpa Kamal Dahal , also known as Prachanda . In 2018 the party merged with the sister party Communist Party of Nepal-United Marxists Leninists to form the Nepalese Communist Party (NCP).
overview
The KPN (M) emerged in 1994 from a split from the Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Center) (CPN (UC)), a legally active Maoist group. Since 1996 the party has been fighting for the abolition of the monarchy in Nepal and is demanding more money for the development of rural regions and land for the impoverished farmers. It now controls part of the country. The strongholds of the KPN (M) are the largely Magar-speaking western districts of Rolpa, Rakum, Jajarkot and Salyan, and in some cases also the capital Kathmandu .
The KPN (M) maintains good contacts with the Naxalite Indian underground movements People's War Group (PWG) and Maoist Coordination Center (MCC) and the Communist Party of India (Maoist) , which emerged from these in 2004 , especially in the Adivasi- inhabited regions of the Indian States of Bihar , Jharkhand and Andhra Pradesh is active, but also to the Communist Party of Peru , which is also Maoist. The KPN (M) is also a member of the Revolutionary International Movement and the Coordinating Committee of the Maoist Parties and Organizations of South Asia .
On February 13, 1996, the KPN (M) began skirmishing against local police stations and then adopted guerrilla tactics . 30 of the 75 districts of Nepal are now affected by the Maoist People's War and the Maoists control large parts of the country. More than 1,500 people fell victim to the clashes between the regular Nepalese military and the police forces with party supporters.
Situation since 2005
After the coup of King Gyanendra on 1 February 2005, the seven largest parliamentary parties formed an alliance for Democracy ( Seven Party Alliance ). The KPN (M) tried to find a common line against the monarchy in order to be able to form a united front against the king. The Maoists therefore unilaterally declared a three-month ceasefire on September 3, 2005 and began negotiations with the parties represented in parliament. An agreement was reached at a conference in November of the same year in Delhi , India . The KPN (M) wanted to lay down arms and work with the Seven Party Alliance to convene a constituent national assembly. The KPN (M) agreed to a multi-party system and also wanted to take part in a debate about creating a republic or maintaining the monarchy. The king distanced himself from the outcome of the negotiations, but allowed a regional election on February 8, 2006, which was boycotted by the parties .
On January 2, 2006, the Maoist Party canceled its ceasefire and the Seven Party Alliance declared that the king was responsible for the escalation. Less than a fifth of those eligible to vote took part in the election, which took place anyway.
At the end of 2006, an agreement was reached between Prachanda and the Nepalese Prime Minister Girija Prasad Koirala , which ended the 12-year civil war. On April 1, 2007, with the support of the Maoists, Koirala was confirmed as president of the transitional government, which is to prepare a democratic election for June of that year. The Maoists have five out of 23 ministers in the government.
The ruling coalition made up of the seven-party alliance and Maoists agreed on December 24, 2007 on the abolition of the monarchy and the proclamation of a republic in spring 2008. In the presidential elections in July 2008, the Maoists proposed the non-party opponent Ram Raja Prasad Singh as a candidate.
In the elections for the National Constituent Assembly on April 10, 2008, the Maoists received around 30% of the vote and 220 of the 575 seats. This makes them the largest group in parliament. In the election of the first president in July 2008, the Maoist candidate Singh failed against Ram Baran Yadav . After the KPN-M had agreed on a government coalition with the Seven Party Alliance, its party leader Prachanda was elected Prime Minister of the country on August 15.
In January, the KPN-M merged with the smaller Communist Party of Nepal (United Center - The Torch) - CPN (UC-M) , taking the name of the United Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) (UCPN-M). She later called herself in
As early as May 4, 2009, Prachanda had to resign as head of government after he could not agree with President Yadav about the removal of the chief of staff.
In the elections for the second constituent assembly on November 19, 2013, UCPN-M emerged as the third strongest force.
On May 19, 2016, ten Maoist parties, including the UCPN-M, the Communist Party of Nepal-Revolutionary Maoists and the Revolutionary Communist Party , united to form the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Center) (CPN-MC).
In the first House of Representatives elections in late 2017 after the new constitution was passed in 2015 , the CPN-MC also became the third strongest force.
On May 17, 2018, the CPN-MC merged with its much stronger Marxist-Lenist sister party CPN-UML to form the Nepalese Communist Party (NPC). This union was preceded by lengthy negotiations, especially on the question of the number of members from the two parties in the new party bodies. The new party thus had 174 out of 275 members of the House of Representatives elected in 2017 and thus almost a constitution-changing majority.
Party slogans
- "Proletarians of all countries, unite!"
- "Long live the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)"
- "Long live Marxism-Leninism-Maoism and Prachanda's path"
literature
- Michael Hutt (Ed.): Himalayan 'people's war': Nepal's Maoist rebellion . Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2004 ISBN 0-253-21742-3
Web links
- International Organization of Maoist Parties
- Presentation of the party in the magazine "Das Parlament"
Individual evidence
- ↑ Maoists join govt after 12-yr war - Koirala to head Nepal cabinet
- ↑ 23-member interim govt formed, CA polls on June 20
- ↑ AFP: Nepal wants to abolish monarchy ( Memento from June 9, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Final result of the elections for a second constituent assembly on November 19, 2013. German-Nepalese Society, accessed on September 18, 2018 .
- ^ Maoist parties unite to form CPN Maoist Center . In: The Himalayan Times . May 19, 2016 ( thehimalayantimes.com [accessed September 18, 2018]).
- ↑ NEPAL Pratinidhi Sabha (House of Representatives), LAST ELECTIONS. INTER-PARLIAMENTARY UNION, accessed September 16, 2018 .
- ↑ Om Astha Rai: One body two heads . In: Nepali Times . May 2018 ( nepalitimes.com ).