Congress for the Republic (Tunisia)

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المؤتمر من أجل الجمهورية
Congress for the Republic
Logo of the CPR
Secretary General Imed Daïmi
Honorary Chairman Mohamed Chakroun ; Moncef Marzouki
founding July 25, 2001
Prohibition: 2002
Approval: March 8, 2011
Headquarters 45 Ali Darghouth, 1000 Tunis
Alignment Center-left, liberal , secular , social-democratic , Arab-nationalist
Colours) Green red
Parliament seats
4/217
(Status: 2014 )
Website www.cpr.tn
mottamar.com

The Congress for the Republic ( Arabic المؤتمر من أجل الجمهورية, DMG al-Muʾtamar min aǧl al-Ǧumhūriyya ; French Congrès pour la République , abbreviation CPR ), abbreviated as al-Mottamar (“the Congress”) or “Congress Party”, is a left-liberal and secular political party in Tunisia .

The CPR was founded on July 25, 2001 and was banned again in 2002. On March 8, 2011, the party was re-approved after the Jasmine Revolution . It was led by Moncef Marzouki from its inception until he became interim president of Tunisia in December 2011. He is now honorary chairman of the party.

The ideology of the CPR is based on social democracy , liberalism and left-wing Arab nationalism . It is classified as a secular party and left of center on the political spectrum. The party colors of the CPR are green and red.

The motto of the Congress for the Republic is sovereignty of the people, dignity of the citizen, legitimacy of the state (السيادة للشعب ، الكرامة للمواطن ، الشرعية للدولة, “Souveraineté du peuple, Dignité du citoyen, Légitimité de l'État” ). The party newspaper of the CPR is Tunisie Avenir .

history

Established in 2001

Moncef Marzouki, party founder and leader, 2001–2011

The Congress for the Republic was officially established on July 25, 2001, the declaration was approved by 31 people, including the doctor, medical professor and human rights activist Moncef Marzouki as President, Naziha Réjiba (Oum Ziad) as Secretary General, Abderraouf Ayadi as Vice President, Samir Ben Cupid as treasurer and Mohamed Chakroun as honorary president.

The Congress for the Republic declared that it aims to establish the first democratic- republican form of government in Tunisia - with the introduction of freedom of speech , freedom of association and association, and the holding of free and fair elections. This should be guaranteed by national and international observers who can check all levels of the electoral process. The Congress for the Republic also called for the adoption of a new constitution, a strict separation of the various powers , the respect and guarantee of human rights , gender equality, and the establishment of a constitutional court to protect individual and collective rights. In addition, the CPR demanded compliance with Tunisian obligations towards the European Union , on the other hand it also called for national self-determination of the Tunisians and the Palestinian people .

Illegal opposition, 2002–2011

The CPR was an ideologically heterogeneous alliance of opponents of the Zine El Abidine Ben Ali government , which included social democrats and Arab nationalists as well as radical leftists and Islamists.

In 2002 the Congress for the Republic was therefore banned. The President of the CPR, Marzouki, fled into exile in Paris . However, the party continued its activities and existed de facto as a party for Tunisians abroad in France until 2011.

After the 2011 revolution

Following the removal of President Ben Ali by Executive President Fouad Mebazaâ during the protests in Tunisia in 2010, the President of the CPR Moncef Marzouki announced that he would return to Tunisia and be a candidate for the next elections in Tunisia. He returned to Tunisia on January 18, 2011. On March 8, the party received approval from the Interior Ministry.

In the campaign for the constituent assembly election in October 2011, the first free election after the overthrow of Ben Ali, the CPR had to get by with far fewer financial resources than other parties. Nonetheless, he made an intense election campaign that built on the enthusiastic commitment of his mostly young base members. The party's election symbol (a necessity in Tunisia where many voters are illiterate) were red glasses. They are reminiscent of Moncef Marzouki's characteristic glasses. Younger CPR followers have been known to wear red glasses to show their support for Marzouki. Ultimately, the party won 8.7% of the vote and 29 of the 217 seats, taking second place behind the victorious Islamist Ennahda movement - by a large margin .

She then formed a three-party coalition ("Troika") with Ennahda and the social democratic Ettakatol (FDTL). Following an agreement between the coalition parties to divide the three highest state offices (President of Parliament, President of the State and Prime Minister) among themselves, the Constituent Assembly elected Moncef Marzouki as interim President of Tunisia on December 12, 2011. In the government of the Islamist Hamadi Jebali , sworn in on December 24 , the CPR had six cabinet members. As Marzouki's successor, the party elected Abderraouf Ayadi as its new general secretary, and Marzouki became honorary chairman.

In May 2012, the Congress party split: General Secretary Abderraouf Ayadi and 12 CPR MPs resigned from the CPR and founded a new party, first called the Independent Democratic Congress and then the Wafa Movement . They said they want to continue the principles of the CPR which are endangered by the corruption and nepotism of some members. Congress lost more MPs in August 2012 when two of its members defected to the newly founded, anti-Islamist Nidaa Tounes party .

In the first regular election under the new constitution in October 2014, the CPR only got four of the 217 seats. In the following presidential election , Marzouki qualified as incumbent for the runoff election, but lost to Beji Caid Essebsi from Nidaa Tounes.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Première list des membres fondateurs du CPR. Congrès pour la République, July 25, 2001, archived from the original on January 17, 2011 ; Retrieved January 17, 2011 (French).
  2. ↑ a b c d e Sonia Farid: Moncef Marzouki declares presidential candidacy. In: al-Arabiya News. January 16, 2011; Archived from the original on January 17, 2011 ; Retrieved January 17, 2011 .
  3. ↑ Elisabeth Braune: The voice of the people! Tunisia after the Constituent Assembly elections. Friedrich Ebert Foundation Tunis, November 2011, p. 1.
  4. ↑ al-Maktab as-Siyāsī. Party officials. (No longer available online.) Congrès pour la République, archived from the original on September 8, 2011 (Arabic).;
  5. ↑ Anna Antonakis-Nashif: legitimacy and constitutional crisis in Tunisia . SWP-Aktuell, No. 49, Science and Politics Foundation, August 2013, p. 2.
  6. ^ Roger Owen: Egypt and Tunisia. From the Revolutionary Overthrow of Dictatorships to the Struggle to Establish a New Constitutional Order. In: The New Middle East: Protest and Revolution in the Arab World. Cambridge University Press, New York 2014, p. 261.
  7. ↑ Marina Ottaway: Who Will Lead Tunisia? Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, January 28, 2011; accessed October 21, 2011 .
  8. ↑ Muna Duzdar: Tunisia - One Revolution and Two Counterrevolutions. In: DieZukunft.at , 05/2012.
  9. ↑ a b Sigrid Faath: After the electoral victory of Islamists in Tunisia - ranges between confidence and fear. In: Qantara.de , November 7, 2011.
  10. ^ A b Tunisia: Key players. In: BBC News Online . February 27, 2011, accessed May 30, 2011 .
  11. ^ Tunisia: who are the opposition leaders? In: The Daily Telegraph . January 18, 2011, accessed February 4, 2011 .
  12. ↑ Sam Bollier: Who are Tunisia's political parties? Al Jazeera , October 9, 2011, accessed October 21, 2011 .
  13. ^ Site du CPR. CPR website. Congrès pour la République, accessed on May 4, 2011 (Arabic).
  14. ↑ Qui sommes-nous? Congrès pour la République, 2001, archived from the original on January 17, 2011 ; Retrieved January 17, 2011 (French).
  15. ↑ a b c d Moncef Marzouki : Declaration constitutive. Congrès pour la République, July 24, 2001, archived from the original on January 17, 2011 ; Retrieved January 17, 2011 (French).
  16. ↑ Abdelhak Azzouzi: Autoritarisme et aléas de la transition démocratique dans les pays du Maghreb. L'Harmattan, 2006, p. 203.
  17. ↑ Angelique Chrisafis: Tunisian elections: the key parties. In: The Guardian. October 19, 2011, accessed October 22, 2011 .
  18. ^ Tunisie - 31 partis politiques autorisés. In: BusinessNews.com.tn , March 8, 2011.
  19. ^ Gero von Randow: With Facebook and Sharia. In: Zeit Online , October 21, 2011.
  20. ^ "Marzouki Fans," The Guardian, October 21, 2011. Retrieved October 23, 2011.
  21. ↑ Kenneth Perkins: A History of Modern Tunisia. 2nd edition, Cambridge University Press, New York 2014, p. 248.
  22. ^ Perkins: A History of Modern Tunisia. 2014, pp. 252-253.
  23. ^ Wafa Movement / Independent Democratic Congress. OPEMAM - Observatory on Politics and Elections in the Arab and Muslim World.
  24. ↑ Afifa Ltifi: Tunisia's Second Largest Democratic Party Divides. ( Memento of July 21, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) In: Tunisia-live.net , May 17, 2012.
  25. ^ Tunisie - Abdelaziz Kotti et Dhamir Manai rejoined Nida Tounes. In: BusinessNews.com.tn , August 23, 2012.