Election to the Constituent Assembly of Tunisia 2011

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Election to the Constituent Assembly of Tunisia 2011
Result (in%)
 %
40
30th
20th
10
0
37.0
8.7
7.0
6.7
3.9
3.2
2.8
1.9
28.8
Distribution of seats
         
A total of 217 seats

The election for the Constituent Assembly in Tunisia 2011 took place on October 23, 2011 in order to give the new, democratic rule after the revolution in Tunisia 2010/2011 a permanent legal basis. It was announced by the Tunisian interim President Fouad Mebazaa in a televised address on March 3, 2011 for July 24, but on June 8, 2011 it was postponed to October 23. It was the first free election in the history of the country. In the election, the members of the Chamber of Deputies were elected for a legislative period of one year. The task of the Constituent Assembly was to draft a new constitution and organize the next presidential and parliamentary elections . It also had the power to either appoint a new government or to extend the current government's term until a general election. 217 seats were determined by the election, 89 of them won the Islamist Ennahda .

background

The Constituent Assembly had become necessary because the previous constitution was tailored to the ruling party, the Constitutional Democratic Collection (RCD), and discriminated against any serious opposition. That is why it was not suitable for a multi-party democracy , as was sought after the revolution in Tunisia in 2010/2011 , in order to break away from the autocracy of the fled President Ben Ali . The previous constitution also provided for new elections within 60 days in the event that the office of president is not occupied. After Ben Ali's flight on January 14, 2011, a presidential election would have been necessary until mid-April 2011; a deadline that the organization of democratic elections would hardly have allowed.

Electoral system

The election was held under Presidential Decree No. 35, passed on May 10, 2011. The election was based on proportional representation . There was no threshold clause . All electoral lists had to have gender parity.

Constituencies, candidates, parties

In addition to the 27 domestic constituencies, six were also set up abroad: in Marseille and Paris , in Italy , Germany , Canada and Abu Dhabi . There were a total of 1,600 different lists of candidates (as of mid-September 2011). A good half (845) were set up by parties, 678 by independents and 77 by party alliances.

Polls favored the party Ennahda of Rashid al-Ghannuschi , the Tunisian version of Islam aligned Nahda movement. Ghannuschi had returned from exile in London in January 2011 after more than 20 years and had his party officially recognized again. Likewise, the secular Progressive Democratic Party (PDP) of Ahmed Najib Chebbi and Maya Jribi and the social democratic Ettakatol (FDTL) of Mustafa Ben Jaafar were given good chances.

Top candidates

choice

A total of around 8.3 million Tunisians (registered and unregistered) were eligible to vote at home and abroad. The turnout was around 70 percent of all Tunisian citizens eligible to vote, or around 4.3 million. As the turnout exceeded all expectations, there were queues early in the morning. In some cases, those willing to vote had to queue for hours. The polling stations were open from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m.

Women and men had to take turns on the regional electoral lists of the parties, with a man coming first in 93 percent of all lists. Since many electoral lists only had one seat, the elected MPs made up 26 percent of women.

National result

Result of the 2011 election to the Constituent Assembly of Tunisia
Party / Alliance / List be right Seats
number % +/- number +/-
Ennahda 1,501,320 37.04 New 89 New
Congress for the Republic (CPR) 353.041 8.71 New 29 New
Ettakatol (FDTL) 284,989 7.03 +6.91 20th +20
Popular petition for freedom, justice and development 273,362 6.74 New 26th New
Progressive Democratic Party (PDP) 159,826 3.94 +3.91 16 +16
The initiative 129,120 3.19 New 5 New
Democratic-Modernist Pole (PDM) 113.005 2.79 +1.20 5 +3
Afek Tounes 76,488 1.89 New 4th New
Communist Workers Party of Tunisia (PCOT) 63,652 1.57 New 3 New
Popular movement 30,500 0.75 New 2 New
Socialist Democratic Movement (MDS) 22,830 0.56 −4.07 2 −14
Free Patriotic Union (UPL) 51,665 1.26 New 1 New
Democratic Patriots Movement (MOUPAD) 33,419 0.83 New 1 New
Maghreb Liberal Party (PLM) 19,201 0.47 New 1 New
National Social Democratic Party 15,534 0.38 New 1 New
Neo-Destur 15,448 0.38 New 1 New
Party of the Progressive Struggle 9,978 0.25 New 1 New
Justice et Equite (independent) 7,621 0.19 New 1 New
Parti de la nation culturel et unioniste 5,581 0.14 New 1 New
Independent lists 62,293 1.54 +1.28 8th +8
Lists without a seat 1,290,293 31.83 - - -
total 4,053,148 100.00 217
Valid votes 4,053,148 94.06
Invalid votes 255.740 5.94
voter turnout 4,308,888 51.97
Eligible voters 8,289,900 100.00
Source: ISIE electoral commission

Constituency result

Parties Ar Bé BA Bi Gb Gf Ever Ka Ks Kb Kf Mh Mn Md Mon N 1 N2 S 1 S2 SB Si So Ta To T 1 T2 Za F 1 F2 De It E - A A - W total
 Ennahda 3 2 4th 4th 4th 3 2 4th 3 2 2 3 3 4th 3 2 2 3 4th 2 2 4th 3 2 4th 3 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 89
 Congress for the Republic 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 - - 1 - 1 1 1 1 1 1 - - 1 1 29
 Popular petition - 1 - 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 - - - 1 - dq - 1 - - 26th
 Ettakatol 1 1 2 1 - - 1 1 - - 1 - 1 - 1 1 1 1 1 - - 1 - - 1 2 - 1 1 - - - - 20th
 Progressive Democratic Party 1 1 1 1 - 1 1 - 1 - - - - 1 - 1 1 - - - 1 1 - - 1 1 1 - 1 - - - - 16
 Democratic-modernist pole 1 - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 - 1 - - - - - 5
 The initiative - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - 2 - - - - - - 2 - - - - - - - - - - - 5
 Afek Tounes - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - 1 - 1 - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4th
 Communist Workers Party of Tunisia - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - 1 - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - 3
 Movement of Socialist Democrats - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2
Popular movement - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2
Neo-Destur - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1
 Free Patriotic Union - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1
 Maghreb Liberal Party 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1
 MOUPAD - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1
Progressive Union Movement - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1
For a national Tunisian front - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1
Loyalty to the Martyrs - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - 1
Al Adala - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1
Parti de la nation culturel et unioniste - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1
National Social Party - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1
Party of the Social Democratic Nation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1
Advanced fight - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - 1
Wafa (loyalty) - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1
Sawt Al Mostakol - Independent voice - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1
Social activism (independent) - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1
Justice et Equite (independent) - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1
Hope (independent) - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1
Independent list - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1
Total seats for the governorate 8th 6th 10 9 7th 7th 8th 9 8th 5 6th 8th 7th 9 9 7th 6th 7th 9 8th 6th 10 4th 4th 9 8th 5 5 5 1 3 2 2 217
Source: ISIE electoral commission

Riots

On October 27, shortly after the preliminary results were announced, hundreds of supporters of the popular petition protested in Sidi Bouzid against the withdrawal of eight of their originally 27 seats. The Tunisian military dispersed the crowd with warning shots and tear gas after allegedly attacking the governor's seat. The chairman of the people's transport company, Hachemi Hamdi , announced that his party wanted to give back all mandates in protest. The protests led to street battles with the police; Fires are said to have started in the local Ennahda office and the regional administration building.

Constitution

On November 15, Ennahda and the Congress Party agreed on Moncef Marzouki as interim president. The three coalition parties Ennahda, CPR and Ettakatol had previously agreed to elect Hamadi Jebali from Ennahda as Prime Minister and Moustapha Ben Jaafar from Ettakatol as President of the Constituent Assembly.

The Constituent Assembly met for the first time on November 22nd. The first session began by singing the national anthem and reciting the Fātiha , the first sura of the Koran , to commemorate the victims of Ben Ali's rule.

On December 11, 2011, it passed a transitional constitution that laid down the electoral process for the transitional government and the rules for the executive , legislative and judicial branches and was to apply until a final constitution was drawn up and a new parliament was elected. The next day she elected Moncef Marzouki as the new interim president.

Political work

The congregation was unable to keep its original plan to transition to a new order within a year. The drafting of the constitution proved difficult and was repeatedly interrupted by disputes. It was not until the beginning of 2014 that the previous “Troika” coalition, led by Ennahda, agreed on a draft constitution. Influence from outside parliament, in particular from the trade union federation UGTT, was necessary. On January 26, 2014, the assembly passed the new constitution with the necessary two-thirds majority.

The date for the election of a new parliament was set in June 2014 under the technocratic transitional government Mehdi Joomas to be October 26, the presidential election took place on November 23 and in the second round on December 21, 2014. The constituent assembly ended with the meeting of the new parliament on December 2, 2014.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Official election results 2011 ISIE election commission
  2. ↑ Tunisia postpones the election for the Constitutional Council to October 23. In: Hamburger Abendblatt , June 8, 2011.
  3. ^ Tunisia plans to elect a constitutional council. In: Deutsche Welle , April 4, 2011.
  4. ^ Tunisia President Fouad Mebazaa Calls Election. In: BBC .co.uk , March 3, 2011.
  5. ^ A b Serge Halimi: Compass needle of the revolution: In the Tunisian election campaign everyone counts towards the middle. In: Le Monde diplomatique , October 14, 2011.
  6. ^ Matthias Kolb: Tunisia's future in the hands of moderate Islamists , sueddeutsche.de of November 21, 2011, accessed on January 8, 2015.
  7. ↑ Decree N ° 35 dated May 10, 2011 on the Election of the National Constituent Assembly. PDF. In: Aceproject.org .
  8. ^ Susanne Klaiber: Fateful Day in Tunisia. Vote for the pioneers of the Arab Spring. In: Focus Online , October 22, 2011.
  9. ↑ Louis Bonhoure: Low Youth, High Female Voter Turnout Observed in 2014 Vote. ( Memento of the original from October 30, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Tunisia-Live.net , October 30, 2014. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.tunisia-live.net
  10. ^ Tunisians as first voters of the Arab Spring. Voting for the constituent assembly. In Neue Zürcher Zeitung , October 22, 2011.
  11. ^ Tunisia. In: QuotaProject.org .
  12. ↑ tunisia-live.net ( Memento of the original from March 10, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.tunisia-live.net
  13. ^ A b Riots in Sidi Bouzid. In: the daily newspaper , October 28, 2011; Allan Bradley: Familiar Tunisian Parties Benefit From Aridha Disqualification. ( Memento of the original from January 17, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Tunisia-Live.net , October 30, 2011. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.tunisia-live.net
  14. ↑ The military fires warning shots. In: ORF .at , October 28, 2011.
  15. ^ Agreement on interim president in Tunisia. In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung , November 16, 2011.
  16. ↑ Jebali becomes the new Prime Minister. In: Spiegel Online , November 22, 2011.
  17. ↑ With national anthem and sura on the "State of Freedom". In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung , November 22, 2011.
  18. ↑ Transitional constitution adopted in Tunisia. In: Rheinische Post , December 11, 2011.
  19. ↑ Marzouki becomes the first democratically elected President of Tunisia. In: Die Zeit , December 12, 2011.
  20. ^ Joachim Paul: The Tunisian parliamentary elections: An overview of the most important parties. In: Heinrich Böll Foundation (website), October 21, 2014.
  21. ↑ Tunisia: Parliament votes for a new constitution. ( Memento from January 29, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) In: tagesschau.de , January 26, 2014; En Tunisie, la nouvelle Constitution adopted. In: Le Monde , January 26, 2014 (French)
  22. ↑ Tunisie: Les législatives fixées on 26 octobre et la présidentielle on 23 novembre. In: Jeune Afrique , June 25, 2014.
  23. ↑ Le premier Parlement tunisien post-révolutionnaire fait sa rentrée. ( Memento of the original from December 9, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: France 24 , December 2, 2014. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.france24.com