Kosta Lultschew

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Kosta Andrejew Lultschew ( Bulgarian : Коста Андреев Лулчев ) (born March  9, 1881 in Orjachowo , Bulgaria , †  January 31, 1965 in Sofia , Bulgaria ) was a social democratic Bulgarian politician .

Live and act

Memorial plaque for Kosta Lultschew in his native town of Orjachowo
Parliamentarians of the Bulgarian Social Democratic Workers' Party in 1927, a. a. Janko Sakasow (seated in front, in the middle), Kosta Lultschew (seated on the far right, at the table), Dimitar Neikow (seated on the far left) and Grigor Cheschmedschijew (second from left, between Neikow and Sakasow)

The Bulgarian Social Democratic Labor Party , which was founded in 1891 and 1894 and which Lultschew had already joined in 1898, split into two parties in 1903. From the Bulgarian Social Democratic Workers 'Party (Engsocialists) founded by Dimityr Blagoew - "narrow" something like "in the narrower, real sense" socialist - in 1919 the Bulgarian Communist Party , later led by Georgi Dimitrov , was renamed the Bulgarian Workers' Party. Lultschew, on the other hand, remained in the Bulgarian Social Democratic Workers' Party (Wide Socialists) led by Janko Sakasow - "wide" roughly like "in the broader sense" socialist, i.e. more social democratic - and was repeatedly elected to the Bulgarian parliament between 1923 and 1931. After a military coup led by Kimon Georgiev (1934) and the establishment of a monarcho-fascist dictatorship by Boris III. (which forced Georgiev to resign in 1935) both parties were banned in 1938 (as were all other parties).

In the underground resistance against fascism and against Bulgaria's participation in the Second World War, Communists and Social Democrats approached again at each other and closed 1943 with Georgiev Sweno Association and the Bulgarian Agrarian People's League (Bulgarian Agrarian People's Union), a Popular Front like opposition alliance, called the Fatherland Front. After a popular uprising triggered by the Soviet advance and another military coup, Bulgaria was liberated from dictatorship. Georgiev became Prime Minister of a transitional government formed by the Patriotic Front in September 1944, and Dimitrov became Deputy Prime Minister. The social democrats Dimitar Neikow and Grigor Cheschmedschijew became ministers, Lultschew became general secretary of the reorganized party.

The new chairman of the Bauernvolksbund, Nikola Petkow , had initially become a minister, but then resigned in August 1945 because of the dispute over the elections scheduled for November 1945, together with a few other non-communist ministers. This led to the split in the Bauernvolksbund. Petkow had already been replaced as party chairman in May 1945 by Alexander Obbow, who was more willing to cooperate, and founded his own peasant people's union, with which he went into the opposition. At the same time, the Social Democratic Labor Party and its Central Committee split. Lultschew, who supported Petkow, was replaced as general secretary by Neikow, who was more willing to cooperate, and then founded his own party in September 1945. Lulchev's and Petkov's joint opposition alliance was defeated in both the November 1945 and October 1946 elections. The United States and Great Britain criticized these elections as unfree and, during the 1946 Paris Peace Conference, called on the Bulgarian government to restore its democratic base by resuming Petkov and Lultschev otherwise they would not make peace with Bulgaria. Petkov and Lultschew set far-reaching conditions for re-entry into the government, which the Anglo-American Western powers urged Bulgaria to accept. Supported by the Soviet Union (and Yugoslavia), the Bulgarian government rejected this as interference in internal affairs and had Petkov arrested on charges of cooperation with the Western powers. Petkov was sentenced to death in August 1947 and executed. Georgiev had meanwhile handed over the office of prime minister to Dimitrov, but remained deputy prime minister. In January and May 1948, the Social Democratic Workers' Party, led by party leader Popov and General Secretary Neikov, was reunited with Dimitrov's Communists under the name of the Bulgarian Communist Party . Lulchev, who opposed this, was also arrested in the end, but sentenced in July 1948 to a heavy fine and 15 years in a labor camp.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c d Bernard A. Cook: Europe Since 1945 - An Encyclopedia , Volume 2, page 799. Taylor & Francis, New York 2001.
  2. ↑ a b c d Günter Darlatt, Emilija Atanassowa: Taschenlexikon Bulgaria , pages 38f (BKP) and 42f (BSDAP). Bibliographical Institute Leipzig 1983
  3. ↑ a b c d e f Website of the Bulgarian Social Democratic Party : История на БСД (History of Bulgarian Social Democracy)
  4. ^ A b c d e f Walter Theimer : Lexikon der Politik , page 102ff (Bulgaria). Lehnen Verlag Munich 1953
  5. ↑ a b c d Biographical lexicon on the history of Southeast Europe: Petkov, Nikola Dimitrov
  6. ↑ a b Boris Ponomarjow , Andrei Gromyko , Wladimir Chwostow: History of Soviet Foreign Policy 1945-1970 , pages 42-45. Progress Publishers, Moscow 1974
  7. ^ Hugh Seton-Watson: Russia and Eastern Europe , pp. 188f. In: Propylaen Weltgeschichte , Volume 10. Propylaen Verlag, Berlin 1986

literature

  • Петър Кузманов (Petar Kusmanow): Коста Лулчев - Един живот в служба на социалдемокрацията (Kosta Lultschew - A life in the service of social democracy). Sofia 1998
personal data
SURNAME Lultschew, Kosta
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Lultschew, Kosta Andrejew; Lulchev, Costa; Lulčev, Kosta; Лулчев, Коста Андреев (Bulgarian spelling)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Bulgarian politician
DATE OF BIRTH March 9, 1881
PLACE OF BIRTH Oryachovo
DATE OF DEATH January 31, 1965
Place of death Sofia