Cost-covering remuneration

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The cost-covering remuneration is a market introduction instrument for renewable energies , which is based on the so-called Aachen model of the Solarenergie-Förderverein Deutschland (SFV) .

The core of the cost-covering remuneration is that the feed-in of renewable electricity into the public grid is remunerated by the electricity supply company. Operators receive an economically fully cost-covering remuneration, which also includes the cost of raising capital and a reasonable profit. The feed-in and remuneration are contractually guaranteed for a fixed period. The SFV first put forward the idea of ​​cost-covering remuneration in 1989. It was then applied in many electricity feed-in laws at national and local level. Among other things, it was incorporated into the Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) in 2000 and thus led to the rapid spread of systems for the generation of renewable energies.

history

The idea of ​​the cost - covering feed-in remuneration originates from the Solarenergie-Förderverein Deutschland eV It was first submitted by the SFV by telephone to the Federal Ministry of Economics on August 14, 1989 and in writing on September 4, 1989 . As nationwide implementation was not possible at this point in time, the feed-in tariff model was first implemented at the municipal level.

In 1991 the small Swiss town of Burgdorf introduced feed-in tariffs. Under the leadership of its creator, Wolf von Fabeck , the SFV further developed this concept into a cost-covering remuneration. What was new about the cost-covering remuneration was that the construction of a solar system was not subsidized, but that the energy supply company (EVU) paid for the feed of solar power into the public grid.

The Aachen city ​​council passed this model in September 1992. It became known as the "Aachen model". The implementation was delayed by several years due to opposition from the Aachen energy supplier STAWAG . In 1993, the Bavarian town of Hammelburg was the first German city to introduce a cost-covering feed-in tariff based on the "Aachen model" . There was Hans-Josef Fell , the driving force.

Dieter Schulte-Janson, who was responsible for pricing at the Ministry of Economics, Medium-Sized Enterprises and Technology of North Rhine-Westphalia, had a major influence on the cost-covering remuneration being realized.

The cost-covering remuneration was successfully implemented in around 40 cities in Germany by the year 2000 . Experience with the instrument of cost-covering remuneration later formed the template for the Renewable Energy Sources Act. With this, on April 1, 2000, the idea of ​​cost-covering feed-in tariffs became federal law . The members of parliament Michaele Hustedt , Hans-Josef Fell (both Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen ), Hermann Scheer and Dietmar Schütz (both SPD ) played a key role in drafting the law in the first version of 2000 . As with the cost-covering remuneration, with the EEG the feed-in priority of renewable energies over conventional energies as well as the guaranteed remuneration rate for grid feed-in are the core of the law.

The forerunners of the EEG are the “ Bavarian Order No. By 2/52 to regulate the electricity price for small hydropower plants ” as well as the Electricity Feed Act , which is the world's first green electricity feed act.

Further development

The EEG developed into an export hit . In the Renewables 2013 Global Status Report , the international research group REN21 comes to the conclusion that there are instruments to promote electricity generation from renewable energies in 127 countries around the world, including the most common instrument the feed-in tariff, which is practiced in 71 countries and 28 federal states.

After a large number of EEG reforms (some actors speak of “EEG deform ” in particular with regard to the 2014 reform ), in many cases, especially in the area of ​​solar energy, the EEG no longer provides a cost-covering remuneration. This can also be seen from the fact that the planned expansion corridor was not achieved and no tariff reductions were made twice in a row.

The EEG as a political instrument for the decarbonisation of the energy supply has an impact on economic interests .

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ photovoltaics. With the generation of electricity from solar energy - photovoltaics - STAWAG has the most extensive experience in the use of renewable energies. www.stawag.de, archived from the original on May 23, 2009 ; Retrieved April 3, 2016 .
  2. ↑ Ten years of the Aachen model. Aachener Zeitung from March 12, 2005
  3. ↑ Feed-in tariffs. Rüdiger Paschotta, accessed on April 17, 2016 .
  4. ↑ The cost-covering remuneration (KV) - the world's most modern market launch program. Historical development Progress in practical implementation. www.sfv.de, accessed on April 17, 2016 .
  5. ↑ Günter Altner, Heike Leitschuh-Fecht, Gerd Michelsen: Yearbook Ecology: 2004. CH Beck, accessed on February 18, 2016 (2003 - 287 pages, found on books.google.de).
  6. ↑ Staffan Jacobsson, Volkmar Lauber , The politics and policy of energy system transformation — explaining the German diffusion of renewable energy technology . In: Energy Policy 34, (2006), 256-276, p. 263, doi: 10.1016 / j.enpol.2004.08.029 .
  7. ↑ Renewable energies in numbers. Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety ( Memento from November 4, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
  8. ↑ Wolf von Fabeck : Historical information on the cost-covering remuneration up to its inclusion in the EEG of August 1, 2004 with transparencies on the Aachen model. How the SFV program was developed and introduced across Germany. www.sfv.de, July 20, 2014, accessed on February 18, 2016 .
  9. ↑ Photovoltaics in Switzerland. (PDF) www.ti.bfh.ch, accessed on April 17, 2016 .
  10. ^ Eurosolar eV: Wolf von Fabeck on his 80th birthday . In: Solar Age . No. 3 , 2015, p. 110 .
  11. ^ Renewable energies in Germany. (PDF) A biography of the innovation process. www.pressstelle.tu-berlin.de, December 2009, accessed on April 23, 2016 .
  12. ↑ Completion of the Hammelburg solar power company. It made energy history: the Hammelburg solar power company HSG, founded in 1994. As the first of its kind in the world, the HSG has done pioneering work. Now it is dissolved - and according to plan. www.br.de, archived from the original on June 3, 2016 .;
  13. ^ Ralf Köpke: A quarter pfennig to promote green electricity. www.berliner-zeitung.de, accessed on June 5, 2016 .
  14. ↑ The cost-covering remuneration (KV). World's Most Advanced Go-To-Market Program - Historical Development Progress in Practical Implementation. www.sfv.de, accessed on June 5, 2016 .
  15. ↑ Wolf von Fabec: Historical facts about the cost-covering remuneration up to the inclusion in the EEG of August 1, 2004. (PDF) How the SFV program was developed and introduced throughout Germany. www.sfv.de, 2014, accessed on April 16, 2016 : “So it is very important Dr. To credit Schulte-Janson's steadfastness, that the cost-covering remuneration could finally be introduced in 40 German cities with reference to the regulation in North Rhine-Westphalia (the "Aachen model"). "
  16. ↑ G. Haarpaintner (Chambery and Munich): From thousandth to one hundred thousand roofs program. (PDF) Market development of grid-connected photovoltaics. www.elektropraktiker.de, 2000, accessed on April 16, 2016 .
  17. ↑ Bernd Hirschl: Renewable Energy Policy. A multi-level policy analysis with a focus on the German electricity market. Springer-Verlag, January 24, 2008, accessed April 16, 2016 .
  18. ↑ Benjamin von Brackel: On into the last battle. EEG: The Renewable Energy Sources Act is nothing less than the future vision of the environmental movement. Now it should be tipped. What its inventors say about it. Friday , October 12, 2012, accessed on October 14, 2017 .
  19. ↑ Michaele Hustedt - The mother of the EEG. (PDF) Interview about the creation of the Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) in the German Bundestag from 1994 to 2005 (PDF; 0.5 MB). www.sonnenenergie.de, August 19, 2017, accessed on October 14, 2017 .
  20. ^ Hermann Scheer: The momentous error of the negotiation concept of the World Climate Conference. (PDF) Solar Age Issue 4/2009. www.eurosolar.de, 2009, accessed on April 18, 2016 : "The key point of this law is that all renewable energies are given absolute priority over conventional electricity and can be fed into the grid at a guaranteed rate."
  21. ^ Andreas Hänlein: Economic Constitution in Germany and Europe: Festschrift for Bernhard Nagel . Kassel University Press GmbH, 2007, p. 513 ( full text in Google Book Search).
  22. ↑ Bill of the parliamentary groups of the CDU / CSU and FDP. (PDF) Draft of a law on the feed-in of electricity from renewable energies into the public network (Stromeinspeisungsgesetz). www.bundestag.de, accessed on May 1, 2016 .
  23. ↑ Florian Lüdeke-Freund, Oliver Opel: The energy transition as a transdisciplinary challenge . In: Harald Heinrichs Gerd Michelsen (Hrsg.): Sustainability Sciences . Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg 2014, p. 429-454, here: p. 439 ( full text in the Google book search).
  24. ↑ Uwe Beckmeyer: Uwe Beckmeyer on the energy transition in the "Journal for the entire law of the energy industry". Making the energy transition a success: To the entry into force of the EEG reform 2014. (No longer available online.) Www.bmwi.de, October 15, 2014, archived from the original on April 17, 2016 ; accessed on April 27, 2016 : “The EEG, which has existed since 2000, has written a great success story and is rightly an export hit. Back then it was only 6%, today our economy is supplied with more than 25% renewable electricity. "
  25. ↑ Franziska Kückmann (Interview): Gönner calls EEG export hits . Interview with GIZ boss. www.noz.de, October 15, 2014, accessed on April 27, 2016 : "Even if it may surprise many in view of the discussion in Germany: The German Renewable Energy Sources Act in particular is a real export hit and has already been used by many countries, each in an adapted form, taken over - also by the advice of GIZ. "
  26. ↑ REN21: Renewables 2013 - Global Status Report (PDF; 6.6 MB), pp. 76–78, Paris, June 2013
  27. ↑ Marco Bülow: My very personal view of the EEG “deform”. Renewable energies Either the EEG amendment is the beginning of the exit from the energy transition - or the signal for the public to finally oppose the lobbying power. June 27, 2014, accessed April 28, 2016 .
  28. ↑ Eurosolar: Bundestag and Bundesrat decide on historical turning point - energy turnaround with "EEG deform" before the abort. www.eurosolar.de, June 16, 2014, accessed April 28, 2016 .
  29. ↑ Simon Trockel, Julian Schönbeck: Business models for photovoltaic systems after the EEG amendment. (No longer available online.) Www.energiedialog.nrw.de, September 15, 2014, archived from the original on April 28, 2016 ; Retrieved April 28, 2016 .
  30. ↑ PM - Solar power is more worthwhile in 2016 than ever / Tips for consumers. Photovoltaic systems cheaper, self-consumption more profitable, remuneration rates not decreased. www.solarcluster-bw.de, January 7, 2016, accessed on April 28, 2016 : “And the remuneration rates for the part of the solar power that is fed into the grid have not decreased for the second time in a row on January 1 . "
  31. ↑ The subsidy rates for photovoltaic systems will not be reduced. Franke: "New construction of photovoltaic systems again well below the extension corridor". Federal Network Agency, September 30, 2015, accessed April 28, 2016 .
  32. ↑ The subsidy rates for photovoltaic systems will again not be reduced. The expansion is below the statutory expansion corridor. Federal Network Agency, March 31, 2016, accessed April 28, 2016 .
  33. ↑ Stephan Gerstner: Fundamentals of the law of renewable energies. A practice-oriented presentation for the new legal situation regarding the privileged energy sources including the combined heat and power generation. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG, January 1, 2013, accessed April 30, 2016 .