Bremgarten-Bruggmühle power plant
| Bruggmühle power plant | |||
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| location | |||
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| Coordinates | 668 111 / 244736 | ||
| country | Switzerland | ||
| Waters | Reuss | ||
| Data | |||
| Type | Canal power plant | ||
| Primary energy | Hydropower | ||
| power | 0.65 MW | ||
| owner | AEW Energie AG | ||
| Start of operations | 1892/1998 | ||
| turbine | Kaplan turbine | ||
| Website | Mühlenplatz power plant | ||
The Bruggmühle power plant is a run-of-river power plant near the wooden bridge on the Reuss in Bremgarten in the canton of Aargau . It has belonged to AEW Energie AG since 1927 . The Bruggmühle, built on a Reuss island at the western bridgehead, is one of the oldest river mills on the Reuss.
prehistory
The earliest mills in Bremgarten were Bachmühlen, the Aebismühle and Wählismühle . River mills were only built in the 13th century, because only the towns and monasteries could afford the extensive construction costs (canals, weirs) and had the economic opportunities for operating the mills and selling the products.
The first river mill is believed to have been the "Innere Mühle" (grain mill, since 1300 called "Luitolzmühle" after the cloister miller Lütold von Boswil), which was owned by the Hermetschwil monastery , since the mid-13th century . In 1561 the "Inner Mill" was divided into a flour mill (front mill) and a paper mill (rear mill). The city of Bremgarten acquired the paper mill in 1704 and the monastic flour mill in 1733.
history
In 1281 the operation of the city mill's water wheels at the current location of the Bruggmühle was first mentioned in a document. In 1415 the Bruggmühle was part of the bridge fortification. The water wheels were operated in order to use the water power for the direct mechanical drive of the town mill, the sawmill, for textile machines, for a capuchin cowl whale , a hemp grater and a pounder .
The Reuss is divided into three parts by the weir (“Fällbaum”, upper weir or “Upper Wave” by canoeists) located upstream above the wooden bridge. The water level created by the felling tree in the middle leads the water over the side channels to several water wheels on both banks of the Reuss (Luitolz Mühle, Unterstadt) and on both sides of the Bruggmühleinsel. The course of the river serves as an overflow basin, where the remaining water that is not required flows in.
The milling operation on the Reussinsel was acquired by Martin Schwarzenbach in 1839 to convert the Bruggmühle into a cotton mill. In 1880 the right-hand water wheels were replaced by a Jonval turbine .
In 1892, the Bruggmühle began to generate electrical energy from hydropower with two direct current generators , which was used for street lighting, later for operating a drinking water pump and electrifying the city of Bremgarten and, from 1902, for the electrical Bremgarten-Dietikon railway . In 1902, a steam engine with two direct current generators was put into operation to increase security of supply .
In 1920 a Francis turbine from Ateliers de constructions mécaniques de Vevey was installed on the left and in 1924 the Jonval turbine on the right was replaced by the Francis turbine from Bell , which still exists today . On both sides of the power station island there was a water-powered Francis turbine (“twin turbine”), which operated a common generator via a 24-meter drive shaft running across the island.
In 1998, a new one was built next to the old power plant to produce electricity. The new bulb turbine system replaces the saw turbine and the twin turbine on the left. The right-hand Bell Francis turbine including the feed duct, rake and closing elements remained unchanged. The old power plant was opened to visitors as the Reuss power plant museum.
Today's production
The bulb turbine system with an output of 650 kVA generates around 3.6 GWh of electrical energy annually . The power plant supplies around 800 households with green electricity. It has been certified with the “Naturemade basic” quality label.
The two weirs serve to dam the Reuss in the inlet channel with a mean gradient of two meters. The backwater of the water reaches a maximum of 700 meters upstream to the Zufikon power station. The connection or disconnection based on the amount of water is regulated fully automatically. The bulb turbine with bevel gear, the synchronous generator and the control are housed in the machine house. The machine transformer next to the power plant supplies the energy to the 16 kV medium-voltage network operated by AEW Energie.
Reuss Power Plant Museum
The old power plant was renovated by the museum association and the AEW. The system with the twin drive, the large wooden gearwheels, the turbine regulation, the transmission shafts arranged across the island, the gearbox with flywheel and the generator is now only driven by a Francis turbine.
Since 2005, the development of the use of hydropower from the Middle Ages to the industrial revolution in the early 19th century has been traced in the Bruggmühle museum power station and the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy has been demonstrated.
Au power station
In Bremgarten there is a second weir downstream after the bend in the river “in der Au” (formerly Auw), the lower weir (also called “Honegger Wehr”, “Bleiche” or “Lower Wave”), where since 1695 there has been a bleaching and whale for the widow Honegger is occupied. Jakob and Xaver Weissenbach received a water right concession in 1837 and operated a cotton spinning mill in the Au from 1838.
The water power of the Reuss was initially fed directly from the water wheels to the machines in the textile factory. In 1860 the water wheels were replaced by turbines. Around 25 years later, the power plant was used to generate electricity. The cotton spinning mill was taken over in 1883 by the cotton and silk weaving mill Kölliker and Honegger & Co., which had a shed roof hall built for mechanical silk weaving in 1884. In 1904 the cotton mill was shut down. The Au power station was taken over by the Aargau electricity company in 1945.
The Au power plant, which was 120 years old at the time, was decommissioned in Switzerland.
See also
literature
- W. Wyssling: The development of the Swiss electricity works and their components . Swiss Electrotechnical Association , 1946.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ P. Hausherr, historical society Freiamt 1958: Luitolz grain mill and paper mill Unterstadt
- ↑ Bruno Lehner: Bremgarten and its waterworks. In: Mühlebrief No. 8, October 2006
- ↑ AEW Energie: Bremgarten-Bruggmühle small hydropower plant
- ↑ Association Museum Reuss power plant
- ↑ Aargau industrial culture: Weissenbach cotton spinning mill
- ↑ Industrial culture Aargau: Kölliker and Honegger & Co.
- ^ Swiss television from February 13, 1960: Off for the Au hydropower plant. The Au bei Bremgarten power plant is 120 years old, making it the oldest in Switzerland. It is now being shut down. [1]
Lucendro |
Göschenen |
Wassen |
Amsteg |
Lake Lucerne |
Mühlenplatz |
Town Hall |
Pearls |
Ottenbach |
Bremgarten-Zufikon |
Bremgarten-Bruggmühle |
Windisch
not built: Urseren power plant