Small power plant Ottenbach
| Small power plant Ottenbach | ||
|---|---|---|
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| location | ||
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| Coordinates | 672 540 / 236993 | |
| country | Switzerland | |
| place | Ottenbach | |
| Waters | Reuss | |
| Height upstream | 387 m | |
| power plant | ||
| owner | Canton Zurich | |
| operator | Association of Historic Small Power Plant Ottenbach (VHKO) since 2013 | |
| Start of operation | 1920 | |
| Shutdown | 1975, since then biweekly commissioning against downtime damage | |
| Listed since | Canton of Zurich 1977 | |
| technology | ||
| Bottleneck performance | 0.062 megawatts | |
| Average height of fall |
0.95 - 1.30 m | |
| Expansion flow | maximum 6 m³ / s | |
| Turbines | 1 | |
| Generators | 1 | |
| Others | ||
| Website | link | |
The historic small power plant Ottenbach is a small hydropower plant of the former silk weaving mill AF Haas & Co. in Ottenbach, electrified in 1920 . It is preserved in its original condition from 1920 as a historical witness of industrial archeology in working condition. The ensemble of factories, power stations and hydraulic structures is a cultural asset under cantonal protection .
history
From 1645 the millers von Ottenbach and Rickenbach also used the water of the Reuss to grind the grain because the village streams did not provide enough water during the summer months. In 1833 the water rights to operate a flour mill were granted by the Canton of Zurich. In 1836 the miller Jakob Beerli built a canal with a weir in order to be able to guide the water of the Reuss to the mill wheel in a more regulated manner.
Since the end of the 18th century, the textile industry had spread as a home industry in Ottenbach. In 1784 the cotton mill employed 49% of the population (430 people, of which 287 year-round). At the beginning of the 19th century there were around 350 looms and the mechanical silk weaving mill in Zurich employed over 200 people from the village and the surrounding area in Ottenbach.
The mechanical silk weaving mill in Zurich (owner Bodmer & Hürlimann) bought the former mill from Heinrich Schmid in 1869 , who had bought it from his cousin Jakob Beerli and converted it into a textile factory. On November 9, 1871, Messrs. Bodmer & Hürlimann received the water right concession No. 19 from the Canton of Zurich, signed by the state secretary Gottfried Keller . It was based, with minor changes, on the old water rights concession from 1833. The water power was used to drive the looms mechanically via the vertical shaft and the transmission system that are still in existence today. The mill wheel was replaced by a Jonval turbine ( Bell Maschinenfabrik ) in 1881 . In 1909, according to the plans of the Hickel engineering office in Lucerne, the old turbine system was rebuilt with a new turbine house and the bottom of the drainage channel was lowered so that a new Francis turbine ( Uzwil machine factory ) could be installed in the former idle channel . When the water was low in winter, a coal-fired locomobile was connected to the transmissions instead of the turbine system . Two horse-drawn carts had to travel back and forth between Ottenbach and Affoltern am Albis train station for the coal required .
In 1920, today's plant components were built and the looms were electrically operated with a new, more powerful Francis turbine and a generator . During the global economic crisis , the company was transferred to the silk and decorative fabric weaving mill AF Haas & Co., which produced until 1970 and has since run a textile business, now Haas Shopping .
In 1977, the canton of Zurich bought the adjacent Bibelaas nature reserve, including a small power station, canal and weir, to protect the banks of the Reuss. In 2011/12 the headwater canal and the weir had to be repaired due to the damage caused by the floods in 2005 and 2007.
Factory sewer and weir
With the 200-meter-long spillway - the longest of its kind in the canton of Zurich - the Reuss water through four run traps (to be Sagittarius ) directed to the upstream channel. With the inlet traps the amount of water that flows into the headwater canal can be regulated. The gravel trap is used to wash away gravel and sand from the weir canal. For this purpose it is opened once a year for a few days.
The small power plant is a run-of-river power plant in which the water level of the upper and lower water channels is the same and the water can only be stored for a short time by closing the overflow or idle trap. When the trap is closed, the water is dammed back until it overflows the wooden panel.
In the operating state, the idle trap is closed and the turbine inlet trap (plate gate) is raised. By lifting the turbine inlet trap, the water can flow from the headwater channel through the floating debris rake into the inlet structure . A worm gear is used to move a rack attached to the trap in order to raise or lower the wooden panels (gate, trap) consisting of several boards in their lateral guide rails. Canal, weir, alluvial traps and inlet traps have remained practically unchanged since 1900. The turbined water flows back into the Reuss via an underwater channel.
Streich weir and gravel trap
Sewer inlet traps
Headwater Canal
Intake structure at the turbine house (idle trap on the right)
Turbine house
The machines and drives in the turbine house date from 1920, when the looms were converted to electrical operation. In the basement there is a turbine, distributor and water chamber. In the engine room, the large bevel gear, which sits on the turbine axis and is equipped with original wooden teeth from 1920, is set in motion by the rotational force of the turbine. With the small bevel gear and the transmissions, the rotational force is transferred to the vertical shaft, which drives the generator at 1000 revolutions per minute. The regulator measures the speed and then regulates the water flow to the turbine in order to adapt the output to the water supply. In isolated operation it maintains the mains frequency of 50 Hz.
Water chamber, turbine cover
Bevel gears, transmission (vertical shaft at the rear)
Oil pressure regulator with centrifugal governor
generator
Turbine and diffuser
The water supply can be regulated with the nozzle around the turbine, which consists of adjustable blades. The head water flows through the distributor onto the blades of the approximately 62 kW (84 HP) Francis turbine from the Bell machine works and sets them in rotation.
Power transmission
With electrification from 1920 onwards, the looms were no longer driven mechanically via the vertical shaft, but rather electrically with the electricity produced by the generator. Excess electricity was fed into the public grid from 1939, with the generator frequency being determined by the grid. The elaborate transmission system with large wheels and leather straps is reminiscent of the time before 1920. Conversely, electricity could be drawn from the grid when the turbine was idle.
The 1920 by Brown, Boveri & Cie. built three-phase three-phase synchronous generator with attached exciter has an output of 62 kW . At a frequency of 50 Hz , it has a speed of 1000 revolutions per minute.
Regulator
The subterranean control apparatus is controlled in the engine room with the regulator from the Bell machine works, to which it is connected by a linkage. Once the turbine has been started up with the handwheel, the oil pressure with the centrifugal governor ensures that the desired number of revolutions is constantly maintained.
Switching wall
The switching wall in Art Deco style with the electromechanical measuring devices from Trüb, Fierz & Co. was used to control the lighting in the weaving rooms. The direct current required for this was generated with a dynamo, which is no longer available today, and stored in an accumulator battery , which consisted of 150 glasses filled with 100 liters of sulfuric acid each.
Historic Small Power Plant Association Ottenbach (VHKO)
The association, founded in 2013, is responsible for regular commissioning, ongoing maintenance work and flood protection on behalf of the Monument Preservation of the Canton of Zurich. He conducts visits and demonstrations (commissioning of the plant) for the public and researches and documents the technical and economic-social history of the small power plant.
Group tours take place on request, open days are published on the website.
literature
- Martin Stampfli: Turbine system for the silk and decoration weaving mill AF Haas & Co. in Ottenbach . Industrial archeology, magazine for the history of technology No. 1 1981.
- Martin Stampfli: Report on the restoration and operation of the Ottenbach turbine system . Industrial archeology, magazine for the history of technology No. 3 1983.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Information platform for protected industrial cultural assets in Switzerland: turbine system of the former Haas silk weaving mill in Ottenbach ZH
- ^ Ottenbach village chronicle: Haas weaving mill - Bodmer - Hürlimann
- ↑ Umweltpraxis Nr. 18 from December 1998: Small power plant of the former Haas weaving mill in Ottenbach
- ^ Revita: Revision of the small hydropower plant museum Ottenbach
- ↑ Tages-Anzeiger from September 5, 2013: Historic power plant with a future
- ↑ Systems in the turbine house
- ↑ Electromechanical measuring devices: Old switchboard in the historic small power station
- ↑ Official website of the Ottenbach Historical Small Power Plant Association (VHKO)
- ↑ Historic small power station Ottenbach: demonstrations
Lucendro |
Göschenen |
Wassen |
Amsteg |
Lake Lucerne |
Mühlenplatz |
Town Hall |
Pearls |
Ottenbach |
Bremgarten-Zufikon |
Bremgarten-Bruggmühle |
Windisch
not built: Urseren power plant