Ottenbach ZH
| ZH is the abbreviation for the canton of Zurich in Switzerland and is used to avoid confusion with other entries of the name Ottenbach . |
| Ottenbach | |
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| State : |
 Switzerland
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| Canton : |
 Zurich (ZH)
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| District : | Affoltern |
| BFS no. : | 0011 |
| Postal code : | 8913 |
| Coordinates : | 673 048 / 237201 |
| Height : | 409 m above sea level M. |
| Height range : | 380-532 m above sea level M. |
| Area : | 5.02 km² |
| Residents: | 2555 (December 31, 2018) |
| Population density : | 509 inhabitants per km² |
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Proportion of foreigners : (residents without citizenship ) |
12.4% (December 31, 2018) |
| Mayor : | Gabriela Noser Fanger ( independent ) |
| Website: | www.ottenbach.ch |
 Reformed Church, mentioned in 1234 |
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| Location of the municipality | |
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Ottenbach is a municipality in the Affoltern district in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland .
geography
Ottenbach is located in the Reuss Valley . The Reuss forms both the western boundary of the municipality and the border with the canton of Aargau . The community is 15 kilometers (air distance) from Zurich and Zug . The neighboring communities are Obfelden , Affoltern am Albis , Jonen , Aristau and Merenschwand .
The village stretches in west-east direction from the Reuss bank at 388 m above sea level. M. to Isenberg at 533 m above sea level. M. up. The municipal area is 498 hectares , 21% of which is forested. The protected river bank is used as a local recreation area. The hamlet of Rickenbach near Ottenbach also belongs to the municipality .
history
A burial mound in the Lanzen, a presumed Roman estate on Isenberg and a burial ground from the Migration Period in the Steinern are evidence of settlement at the latest since the Bronze Age . Continuous settlement within the present-day settlement area has probably existed since the time of the Great Migration, with three Fronhöfe . Every family in Ottenbach belonged to one of these Fronhöfe in the High Middle Ages . Ottenbach was mentioned for the first time as Marcha Hotumbacharia (means: Ottenbacher March ) in a document from the St. Gallen Monastery of August 18, 831 . In the Carolingian Empire it was a border post between Thurgau (including St. Gallen) and Aargau, which explains the name "Marcha". Otherwise the document says very little about the village.
The phonetic form of the first mention suggests that the underlying personal name was not a male Otto / Hotto or Ottun / Hottun (which would have resulted in an Umlauted Öttenbach via Old High German Ottin bah or a modern Ottensbach or Ottesbach via Old High German Ottunes bah ), but rather a female Hotta or Otta (Old High German Hottun bah ). This is a remarkable exception in an otherwise very masculine place name landscape.
High Middle Ages
In 1027 and 1028, Countess Ida von Habsburg gave possessions in Ottenbach to the Muri monastery . The name Arnoldus de Ottonbac appeared in 1169, Hottenbach in 1255 and finally Ottenbach in 1278. The first pastor was mentioned in 1226 and the first church in Ottenbach in 1234. Two Fronhöfe came from the possession of the knight Walther von Liela in 1242 and the noble Johannes von Schnabelburg in 1267 into the possession of the Kappel monastery .
Late Middle Ages and Modern Times
The village replaced the Fronhöfe as an organizational unit and enabled uniform rights for all villagers. In 1406 the city of Zurich acquired the Maschwanden Bailiwick. Ottenbach thus fell under the control of the city of Zurich. In 1485 the current church was extended in the late Gothic style. Stones from a Roman temple of Isis are said to have been used on the Isenberg. From 1519 pastor Johannes Klinger carried out the Reformation in Ottenbach. Like Zwingli , he was killed in the Battle of Kappel in 1531 . The first school was donated by the city of Zurich in 1593, and in 1661 the first Ottenbach schoolhouse was built, which served as a poor house from 1861–1933. In 1689–1694 a hunger crisis led to large population losses. The village was devastated by severe fires several times in the 18th century. In 1753 there was a big fire in the village in which 22 houses and 16 barns burned down. With the famine of 1770–1792, potato cultivation prevailed.
At the end of the 18th century, low collection fees for newcomers, strong population growth, increase in population density, scarcity of agricultural land, increased demand for textiles from the city, the expansion of the textile home industry . In 1784 the cotton mill employed 49% of the population (430 people, of which 287 year-round). The dependence on homework led to unemployment after the French invasion, which also affected the half-farmers.
In 1799 - during the Helvetic Republic - the French occupiers introduced the political community , the so-called municipality, into Ottenbach . As a basis, they took over - as practically everywhere - the scope of the parish, which at that time included Ottenbach as well as the five civil parishes above the field of Bickwil , Oberlunnern, Toussen, Unterlunnern and Wolsen. However, the population identified with the civil parish and not with the parish. On February 15, 1847, the five civil parishes above the field with their 829 inhabitants (1841) and the school cooperatives Lunnern and Toussen von Ottenbach separated and founded the new unified community of Obfelden . Schoolmaster Bernhart Funck reported on the state of the school in Ottenbach in 1799 for the Stapfer Enquête of the Helvetian Minister of Education.
The second schoolhouse ("Chilehuus") was built in 1835 next to the first. From 1837 schoolmaster Hans Funk lived and taught here, while he had a cow and two goats in the old schoolhouse. In 1841 the civil parish of Ottenbach had 1,130 inhabitants. The school cooperative with the village of Ottenbach and the hamlets of Gässli, Gibel, Rickenbach and Steinhof ran two classes with 96 everyday pupils, 77 repeat pupils and 61 singing pupils. The common land comprised around 2100 Jucharten with 36 ares with 37% arable land, 28% meadows, 15% forest (wooden floor), 11% pastures, 3% vines and 1% litter land. Most of the residents were employed in agriculture, there were also up to 70 craftsmen, up to 70 weavers and 9 seamstresses. The village had 101 houses, a tavern, two mills, two forges, a brick and a herdsman's hut.
At the beginning of the 20th century, many farmers emigrated to the Säuliamt because of the Bern inheritance law ( Minorat ) , where they bought farms from farmers who were on the verge of bankruptcy ( rubbish ). Some farmers from Gondiswil moved to Ottenbach.
Reuss Bridge
Before the construction of the first bridge, the Reuss crossing at Ottenbach consisted of a ferry station (Fahr). In the years 1725 and 1796 the municipality of Ottenbach had secured the ferry rights in order to be able to cultivate the municipal property on the other side of the Reuss (Wallikon). During the Sonderbund War , a military ship bridge ( pontoon bridge ) was built in November 1847 , which was protected by two artillery batteries and entrenchments . The first bridge was built in 1864. With the light bridge from Obfelden that was built at the same time, it was the only fixed Reuss crossing between Bremgarten and Sins and the first fixed crossing between the Freiamt and the Knonaueramt. It had to give way to today's bridge in 1955.
Mills
One mill each in Ottenbach and Rickenbach were first mentioned in the tax lists in 1454 with Hans Müller "ze Rüss" and in 1461 with the Müller Gut von Rickenbach. In 1638, the Ottenbach miller Heinrich Grob and the civil parish of Ottenbach asked the “gracious gentlemen” in Zurich for permission to build an additional mill (new “malhufen” with a mill and ground stone and a water wheel) on common land on the Reuss (with Canal to the mill) because the existing mill from Mühleweier received too little water during the dry summer months to grind all the grain. At the same time, the miller Hans Wydler von Rickenbach made an equal request with the civil parishes of Lunnern and Wolsen. The Ottenbacher miller ground the grain of the Ottenbacher tenth district and the Rickenbacher that of the five Obfeld hamlets. In 1645 the Ottenbach miller was granted a third, and the Rickenbacher a fourth mill with Reuss water. This regulation of the mill rights, an authoritative right of the Zurich Council, remained unchanged until the 18th century. In 1647 the new Ottenbacher grain mill «Neumülli» was completed on the Reuss.
The Rickenbach mill had three grinding hooves (grinding tunnels, grinding houses), one of which was on the Reuss (old river, canal). They consisted of a Relle (Rölli, peeling, peeling), three pounders (shot), a Haberthere (oat loaf, oat dehydrating plant) and an oil rybi (grinder, oil grater). Until 1886, when the mills were subject to the Factory Act, people worked in the mills day and night and also on Sundays. In 1906 an engineering workshop was built south of the mill, where agricultural implements and machines as well as water wheels were manufactured. In 1941 the farm belonging to the mill was sold with the house, the former Mühle restaurant. In 1958 the mill was stopped by the last miller, Gottlieb Spörri. Customers and waterwheels went to the Obschlag mill in Jonen.
In 1836 the Ottenbacher Müller built a new hydropower plant with a canal and a weir in the Reuss in order to be able to divert the water in a more regulated manner. In 1869 the mill was bought by the mechanical silk weaving mill in Zurich (owned by Bodmer and Hürlimann) in order to convert it into a textile factory by 1871.
Old genders and surnames
Until the middle of the 20th century, the majority of the Ottenbach families were called Berli, Gut, Häberling, Hegetschweiler, Hofstetter, Leutert, Sidler, Schneebeli . Common first names were also often repeated. There were field names, but most of the streets and paths had no names and the buildings only had random insurance numbers . One therefore helped oneself with surnames in order to know who was meant.
The surnames were based on the place of residence / field names ( Gibel, Grund, Hobacher, Högerli, Lanzen, Marxen, Ölberg, Schüracher, Staubetenbaum, Steinhof, Steinern, Stüdler, Tobel ), professions ( Chüefer, Chuttlemetzger, Deger / Apotheker, Exerzierers, Forschters , Füürhauptme, Sigristen, Gmeindschreiber, razors, haircutters, Richter, Sagi, Sattler, Schmids, Schnider, Söihirte, governor, landlord ) or by first name / name of an ancestor ( Bönis, Chäpper, Chueris, Fanis, Hans-Chaschpers, Hansuelis, Lieni , Melcher, Othlis, Ruedels, Salomons, Saltes, Sares, Töfels, Uechis, Ursis ).
coat of arms
- In silver a standing black rooster with a red crest, red neck rag and feet.
The coat of arms probably comes from a noble family of the same name and was first mentioned in 1493 in the chronicle of Gerold Edlibach . The coat of arms is recorded on a glass painting of a church window from 1551, which has been in the Swiss National Museum in Zurich since 1897 . The Ottenbacher Güggel has been the official municipal coat of arms since 1928 .
population
Ottenbach's population was 2320 in December 2008. The proportion of foreigners in 2000 was 6.98%. In the same year 1,202 identified themselves as Reformed, 610 as Catholic, 80 were of another denomination, and 272 were non-denominational.
Between 1900 and 1980 the population rose from 1107 to 1389 people, while in the following decade it increased to 2038 (1990). The strong population growth in the 1980s was accompanied by the construction of many new single-family housing estates , especially in the upper part of the village. From 1990 the number stagnated at a good 2000 inhabitants. Since 2005, it has risen slightly again due to increased construction activity.
Economy and Infrastructure
Ottenbach is a typical residential community . Of the 891 apartments in 2003, 53.08% were housed in single-family houses. This is the highest proportion in the Affoltern district. 76% of the employed work outside the community.
For centuries, Ottenbach was a farming village that lived from cattle breeding, arable and fruit growing (earlier also viticulture). The textile industry was added in the 19th century. In 1869–1871 a silk weaving mill was built on the Reuss Canal instead of the mill. The mill's hydropower plant was used for the textile factory.
Around 1920 there were the following commercial and service businesses: two butcher's shops, a Kuttlerei, three bakeries, three specialty shops, three shoemakers, two master blacksmiths, three master locksmiths, two master carpenters, three master carpenters, two wagons and coopers, two men's tailors, two full-time night watchmen with dogs , three hairdressers, two watchmakers, a field moult, a village woman, a postman and an auxiliary postman, a shop selling lightbulbs, a shop with a salt rack, two cloth shops, a debt enforcement officer on a side job , a Sigrist on a side job.
After the Second World War and with the rise of motorization, many businesses disappeared. In the 1950s and 1960s, there was still a blacksmith, saddler, carpenter, carpenter, wagner, cooper and claw cutter on sturgeon .
From 1950 to 1994 Edi Rodel bred St. Bernard dogs in the "Säuliamt" kennel. With up to 130 dogs, it was considered one of the world's largest St. Bernard breeds. During this time, Rodel sold around 3,000 St. Bernard dogs in 55 countries. The former farmer's son and butcher won around 45 international breed group victories with his dogs.
The Haas silk weaving mill, which is now closed, houses the Haas Shopping department store . There are a total of 113 workplaces in Ottenbach. There is a kindergarten and a primary school in the village ; the high school is attended by the students in Obfelden.
traffic
Ottenbach is at the intersection of the connecting roads Muri AG - Affoltern am Albis and Bremgarten AG - Mettmenstetten . The community does not have a direct connection to the Zurich S-Bahn , but is accessible by bus to Affoltern a. A. and opened up to Zurich- Wiedikon .
With the opening of the A4 national road through Knonauer Amt and the construction of the Uetliberg tunnel , the community has become more attractive. However, since the roads leading through Ottenbach serve as a feeder to the A4, traffic in the village has also increased significantly. A bypass road was therefore planned for Ottenbach and Obfelden. Controversy arose when the Zurich government council initially refused to approve the construction of the road in May 2007 for reasons of landscape protection. In December 2007 he corrected his decision. On September 23, 2012, the electorate of the canton of Zurich accepted the bypass road and A4 feeder Obfelden / Ottenbach with 62.6% yes-votes.
Sights, customs and local specialties
In addition to the church, one of the landmarks of Ottenbach is the striking timber frame of the Gasthof Engel, which had the wine tavern since 1422 and the traditional tavern law since 1626 . As the last power plant of its kind in the canton of Zurich, the historic Ottenbach small power plant has been preserved in its original state from 1920, is operational and can be visited.
The village custom of Spiaggele originated in the 18th century in the region, which is heavily influenced by homework, but is now only celebrated in Ottenbach. In the so-called "spin-through night" before Christmas, when the poor families compensated for the loss of income during the holidays, which were banned from working, a spiegelgele appeared, at that time mostly an old woman, to check whether the children were working hard. As a horror figure, the Sprägele should keep the work ethic of the children up and help them fight fatigue. Today young men disguise themselves in advance as Sprägele, on the first and second Friday in December.
The Ottenbacher Schellerbirne is a typical local pear variety that was discovered here in the 18th century.
Personalities
- Walter Bodmer (1896–1989), industrialist and pioneer as an economic historian
- Georg Gessler (1924–2012), artist, working here since 1970, also died here.
- Erwin Hürlimann (1880–1968), General Director and Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Swiss Reinsurance Company
- Hans Oeschger (1927–1998), physicist and climate researcher
literature
- Bernhard Schneider , Salomon Schneider, Erika Schmid (design): Ottenbach tells. The recent history and present of the community. Verlag Schneider Communications Ottenbach, September 2014, ISBN 978-3-906068-03-9 .
- IG Ottenbacher Geschichte (n), Fridolin Egger: Ottenbacher Geschichte (n), with an appendix on names and places in Ottenbach Verlag Schneider Communications Ottenbach, 2013, ISBN 978-3-906068-02-2 .
- Bernhard Schneider: Ottenbach's population through the ages. Ottenbach community, April 1986.
- Paul Kläui et al .: History of the Obfelden community. Festschrift for the centenary. Published by the Obfelden community association. Affoltern am Albis 1947.
- Hermann Fietz: The art monuments of the canton of Zurich, Volume I: The districts of Affoltern and Andelfingen. (= Swiss art monuments. Volume 7). Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History GSK. Bern 1938. DNB 365803030 .
- Obfelden. Commemorative publication for the 50th anniversary of the community. Zurich 1897. (known as "Old Obfelderbuch")
Web links
- Official website of the Ottenbach community
- Martin Illi: Ottenbach. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
- Statistical data for the Ottenbach municipality
- Link catalog on Ottenbach at curlie.org (formerly DMOZ )
- The Ottenbach turbine system as a museum power plant. A piece of Ämtler's industrial history
- Stories and incidents in the community of Ottenbach and the surrounding area
Individual evidence
- ↑ Permanent and non-permanent resident population by year, canton, district, municipality, population type and gender (permanent resident population). In: bfs. admin.ch . Federal Statistical Office (FSO), August 31, 2019, accessed on December 22, 2019 .
- ↑ Data on the resident population by home, gender and age (community profile). Statistical Office of the Canton of Zurich, accessed on December 22, 2019 .
- ^ Bernhard Schneider: Ottenbach's population through the ages . Ottenbach 1986.
- ^ Daniel Gut: Lunnern. London's twin in the Reuss Valley, a linguistic and cultural-historical location of settlement names. BoD, Norderstedt 2010, ISBN 978-3-8370-8758-1 .
- ^ Stapfer-Enquête: Ottenbach
- ^ F. Vogel: New local dictionary of the Canton of Zurich. Orell Füssli and Co., Zurich 1841
- ↑ a b c d Ottenbacher story (s): told by Ottenbachers in the years 2009/2010 . IG Ottenbacher Histories (ed.), Verlag Schneider Communications Ottenbach 2013, ISBN 978-3-906068-02-2
- ↑ Zurich Central Library: Reuss between Lunnern and Ottenbach ZH by L. Pestalozzi, Sappeur-Leutnant, November 5, 1847
- ↑ Zurich Central Library: Bridgehead and artillery position Fahr Ottenbach ZH, Sonderbund War, by Sappeur Lieutenant Hans Heinrich Denzler, engineer, cartographer (1814–1876), November 19, 1847
- ↑ Zurich Central Library: Entrenchments in the Sonderbund War of 1847: Bridgehead at Ottenbach ZH, November 1847
- ^ Historical traffic routes of Switzerland AG 1866: Muri / Türmelen - Birri - Ottenbach; Fahr, as of January 1996 ( memento from February 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Historical traffic routes in Switzerland ZH 1110: Ottenbach - Muri / Türmelen, status February 1996 ( Memento from February 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Parchment deed from 1647 on the dispute over comprehensive regulation of water rights
- ^ Ottenbach Chronicle: Rickenbach Mill
- ^ Bernhard Schneider: Ottenbach's population through the ages. Ottenbach community, April 1986
- ^ Ottenbach Chronicle: Mill Ottenbach
- ^ Swiss television August 9, 1967: the last of his profession
- ↑ Village chronicle: St. Bernard breeding Edi Rodel
- ↑ Anzeiger district Affoltern from July 17, 2015: St. Bernard breeding
- ↑ Canton of Zurich: Obfelden / Ottenbach motorway slip road, project status October 2014 ( Memento from February 22, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Bernhard Schneider, Salomon Schneider, Erika Schmid (design): Ottenbach tells. The recent history and present of the community. Schneider Communications, Ottenbach 2014, ISBN 978-3-906068-03-9 .
- ^ Bernhard Schneider: George Gessler. A life in pictures. Schneider Communications, Ottenbach 2009, ISBN 978-3-9523203-4-1 .
Aeugst am Albis | Affoltern am Albis | Bonstetten | Hausen am Albis | Hedingen | Kappel am Albis | Knonau | Maschwanden | Mettmenstetten | Obfelden | Ottenbach | Rifferswil | Stallikon | Wettswil on the Albis
Canton of Zurich | Districts of the Canton of Zurich | Municipalities of the Canton of Zurich