Jonval turbine
The Jonval turbine , also known as the Henschel-Jonval turbine , is a water turbine developed in 1837 by the German engineer Carl Anton Henschel and patented in France in 1843 by the engineer Nicolas J. Jonval .
Working principle
The Jonval turbine is a positive pressure turbine . The water flows through the turbine from top to bottom, with the curved guide vanes fixed above the impeller deflecting the water laterally so that it hits the oppositely curved blades of the impeller. The most important innovation was the suction pipe located below the turbine, which acts as a diffuser . This arrangement made it possible for the first time to use the entire head, even if the turbine was arranged above the underwater level. The turbine is controlled by covering the guide vanes so that the impeller is only partially loaded.
history
The turbine described was invented by Henschel in 1837, although he was refused a patent for the design in Hessen . Nevertheless, construction began on the new water motor , which was used in the Hessian stone grinder in Holzminden in 1840 . Henschel built another identical turbine in 1841 for a stone processing company in Braunschweig. The system installed there was copied by Frenchman Nicolas J. Jonval and patented in France. The turbine is therefore usually called the Jonval turbine after the French ; in Germany, however, the name Henschel-Jonval turbine is also widespread, which names the actual inventor of the design.
The horizontal wheel water mill is a technical forerunner of the turbine. Its operating principle is similar to that of the Henschel-Jonval turbine; it is very old and was and is (for restorations) made of wood.
Jonval turbines played an important role in industrialization in places where hydropower could be used. Compared to water wheels, they provided a significantly higher output, whereby the mechanical energy with transmissions and the like was used to drive the machines directly.
Applications
Examples of applications of the Jonval turbine:
Usine des Forces Motrices, Geneva
The plant, which was completed in Geneva in 1886 , did not produce electricity, but fed water into a pipe system with an operating pressure of 13.7 bar. This pressurized water network supplied mechanical energy to the industrial and craft businesses, who were able to extract the energy from the pressurized water network by means of water motors and Faesch-Piccard turbines and used it to drive transmissions and generators. Each of the 18 Jonval turbines installed drove two piston pumps. The system with 6000 HP installed power was one of the largest in Europe at the time. The energy not required in the system was drained via the Jet d'eau .
Fairmount Water Works, Philadelphia
The water plant in Philadelphia used three Jonval turbines for driving the six piston pumps, which one of the oldest municipal water supplies North America the reservoir with water from the Schuylkill River filled.
Höngg power plant, Zurich
A Jonval turbine that is over a hundred years old is located in Zurich's Höngg river power station. It served the former Waser power station from 1898 to 1978 with an output of 200 kW. The power plant is partly used as a museum , in which the historic turbines (including a Francis turbine ) can be put into operation for demonstration purposes.
Mühlenplatz power plant, Lucerne
In 1889 three Jonval turbines manufactured by Bell Maschinenfabrik in Kriens were put into operation in Lucerne , which powered the transmissions of a commercial building on Mühlenplatz. In 1926 the transmissions were shut down and the turbines were used to drive a generator. The plant was in operation until 1977.
Wasserwerk am Hochablass, Augsburg
From 1878 to 1910 three Jonval turbines were used to drive three piston pumps for the drinking water supply in the Augsburg city area. The system was built at the Hochablass ; from 1910 it was modernized with Francis and Kaplan turbines . After further modernizations, it was in operation as a waterworks until 2007 and has served as a hydropower plant since then . Jonval turbines were also in use at the beginning of industrialization in many Augsburg industrial and craft businesses such as the Pfladermühle . Later the Jonval turbines were replaced by other turbines and displaced there as well.
Electricity works Reichenhall
From May 15, 1890, the Reichenhall wood pulp manufacturer Konrad Fischer operated the water power- operated electricity works in Reichenhall . The water from the Kirchberger Mühlbach drove a Jonval turbine with a diameter of three meters; the turbine system was built by Maschinenbau e. G. Landes München installed. A countershaft having two conical wheels and a belt drive the turbine transferred the hydropower 600 min -1 to an alternating current generator of the Maschinenfabrik Oerlikon in Zurich , of 2000 volts and a maximum voltage developed thirty amperes. At the time of commissioning, the plant was able to supply 1200 light bulbs in Reichenhall, Karlstein and Kirchberg .
literature
- The realm of inventions . Published by Heinrich Samter. New edition increased by the end of the 19th century. Verlag von W. Herlet, Berlin and Leipzig 1901, pp. 69–72 (detailed functional description of the Henschel turbine including a historical illustration).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Explanation board on the Jonval turbine in shipbuilding in the Escher Wyss Quartier, Giessereistrasse 5, 8005 Zurich , Switzerland
- ↑ The Realm of Invention . Published by Heinrich Samter. New edition increased by the end of the 19th century. Verlag von W. Herlet, Berlin and Leipzig 1901, pp. 69–72.
- ↑ Martin Gschwandtner: Gold from the waters: Viktor Kaplan's path to the fastest water turbine. GRIN Verlag, Norderstedt 2007, ISBN 978-3638715744 .
- ↑ Serge Paquier (ed.): L'eau à Genève et dans la région Rhône-Alpes: XIXe – XXe siècles. L'Harmattan, Paris 2007, ISBN 9782296044821 , p. 92 ( Google Books )
- ^ Publication of the City of Zurich: Green electricity from hydropower. ewz power plants on the Limmat. (PDF; 2.6 MB) (No longer available online.) Formerly in the original ; Retrieved October 14, 2012 . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Markus Jud: Lucerne: Mühlenplatz. Retrieved September 14, 2009 .
