El Toro power station
| El Toro power station | ||
|---|---|---|
| location | ||
|
||
| Coordinates | 37 ° 16 '22 " S , 71 ° 27' 33" W | |
| country |
 Chile
|
|
| place | Region VIII | |
| Waters | Laguna de La Laja | |
| power plant | ||
| owner | ENDESA | |
| operator | ENDESA | |
| construction time | 1965 to 1973 | |
| Start of operation | 1973 | |
| technology | ||
| Bottleneck performance | 450 megawatts | |
| Average height of fall |
545 m | |
| Expansion flow | 97.3 m³ / s | |
| Standard work capacity | 600 to 2,306 million kWh / year | |
| Turbines | Pelton turbines 4 × 112.5 MW | |
| Others | ||
The El Toro power plant ( Spanish Central [hidroeléctrica] El Toro ) is a hydroelectric power plant in Chile . The power plant is located in Region VIII , approximately 90 km east of the city of Los Ángeles . The volcanoes Antuco and Sierra Velluda are located approx. 20 km south of the power plant.
The project to build the power plant began in 1965. It went into operation in 1973. El Toro is owned by Empresa Nacional de Electricidad SA Chile (ENDESA) and is also operated by ENDESA.
Laguna de La Laja
The lake Laguna de La Laja , located about 1370 m above sea level , serves as a storage basin for the power plant, which uses the height difference between the lake and the Río Polcura . The total volume of the lake is given as 8 (or 5.5 or 7.7) billion m³, of which 4 billion m³ can be used to generate electricity.
The total volume fell in 2013 to only 317 million m³ and the water level reached a low of 1305 m, which led to criticism of the power plant operator ENDESA by farmers who rely on the lake for irrigation. ENDESA announced in May 2014 that the power plant would reduce electricity generation to a minimum in order to ensure irrigation. El Toro will only serve to cover peak loads until the water level in the lake is sufficient again.
On the west side of the lake (in a bay called Bahia de Los Machos ) is the inlet structure , from which the water is led through a concrete-lined tunnel (length 9 km, diameter 5.7 m) to the fall zone. The moated castle is located there (height 91 m, diameter 6.75 m). The water is then fed through two pressure pipes (length 1446 m, diameter 2.80 m) to the power plant's turbines.
In addition, a dam was built on the upper reaches of the Río Polcura . The reservoir created in this way is connected to the Laguna de La Laja by a tunnel in order to divert the water of the Río Polcura into the lake.
power plant
The El Toro power plant has an installed capacity of 450 (or 400) MW . The average annual production fluctuates: in 2001 it was 600 million kWh and in 2003 it was 2.306 billion kWh.
The four machines of the power plant were put into operation in 1973; they are located in an underground machine hall. The Pelton turbines with vertical shaft have a maximum output of 112.5 (or 100) MW each. The data of the originally planned machines were: output 100 MW and nominal speed 333.33 / min; Nominal voltage of the generators 13.8 kV . The turbines were supplied by Charmilles and the generators by NEBB . In the switchgear , the generator voltage is increased from 13.8 kV to 220 kV using power transformers. An 84 km long double line leads from the switchgear to the Charrúa substation .
The fall height is 545 m. The maximum flow rate is 97.3 m³ / s.
Others
The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development estimated the cost of the power station in December 1966 at 565 million Eº or the equivalent of 306 USD per kW of installed capacity.
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e El Toro. (PDF; 5.6 MB) www.memoriachilena.cl, accessed on May 5, 2015 (Spanish).
- ↑ a b c d e Central El Toro (Chile). (No longer available online.) Empresa Nacional de Electricidad SA, archived from the original on May 18, 2015 ; Retrieved May 5, 2015 (Spanish). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b c d El Toro Hydroelectric Power Plant Chile. Global Energy Observatory, accessed May 5, 2015 .
- ↑ a b c d CHILE APPRAISAL OF FIFTH PROJECT EMPRESA NACIONAL DE ELECTRICIDAD, SA (ENDESA) Report No. TO-564a. (PDF 3.2 MB pp. 16–17 (10–11), 40 (Annex 3), 51 (Annex 3)) International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), December 5, 1966, accessed on May 16, 2015 (English).
- ↑ a b Conflictos por el agua: El caso de El Laja. eldesconcierto.cl, May 30, 2014, accessed May 5, 2015 (Spanish).
- ↑ a b La disputa que enfrenta a canalistas y Endesa por uso de laguna del Laja. www.latercera.com, October 20, 2013, accessed May 5, 2015 (Spanish).
- ↑ Endesa restringirá operación de central El Toro para asegurar abastecimiento a regantes. www.emol.com, May 16, 2014, accessed May 5, 2015 (Spanish).
