Eisleben crown cemetery

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East wing inside (2006)
East wing from the north (2006)

The Kronenfriedhof in Eisleben is a historic grave complex in the Lutherstadt Eisleben in the district of Mansfeld-Südharz in Saxony-Anhalt . It is under monument protection and is entered in the monument register with registration number 094 75354.

Classification and history

In the 16th century, numerous graves were built in central Germany outside the old towns, because the connection between the spread of diseases, especially the plague, and the cemeteries in the middle of the town, which were mostly located near the churches, was recognized. Numerous personalities of the 16th century, including Cardinal Albrecht, Jean Calvin and Martin Luther from Eisleben (Whether one should flee from dying) had recommended the relocation of cemeteries in front of the cities, these were mostly called God's caves .

This resulted in a number of valuable Renaissance structures , of which the Stadtgottesacker in Halle (Saale) is the only completely preserved Campo Santo north of the Alps. Typical of this type of cemetery is a high wall, with hereditary burials on the inside of the wall , which are covered so that they look like an arcade. Some of these complexes were designed as crypt passages, so they were somewhat similar to monastery passages, but stood free and were thus four-sided structures. The architectural model for this type of cemetery was Italy (e.g. the Camposanto Monumentale in Pisa, which was built in the 13th and 14th centuries), namesake in Germany probably the Campo Santo Teutonico in Rome, which however did not follow this structure completely, but only is a walled cemetery with tombs on the walls. Eisleben also has such a cemetery. It was one of the earliest cemeteries of its kind, as it was founded in writing as early as 1533. The consecration was carried out on October 28, 1533 by the first evangelical preacher at St. Andrew's Church , Caspar Güttel. No earlier foundations are known for Germany, although the town of Gods square in Halle owes its creation to an order from 1529, it was not built until 1557. From the 1530s only the cemeteries in Leipzig (1536) and Arnstadt (1537) that have not survived are known, so that it can be considered the oldest cemetery in the Campo Santo style in Germany. Only the old Aeschacher Friedhof in Lindau, which is similar to the Campo Santo style, is older , as it was founded two decades earlier; but it lacks the typical elements of the other cemeteries of this name.

A four-sided complex was planned in Eisleben, but only the south wing and a larger part of the east wing were built, which were completed in 1538–39 and 1560, so that a two-wing complex was built that has been preserved to this day. In the 19th century a cemetery keeper's house was added at the entrance.

Surname

While the cemetery at first simply as God's Acre was called, came in the 17th century the name Crown Cemetery (also crown church on) as it is the tradition of the dead crowns were. It was not until the 19th century that these names were joined by Campo Santo . Today it is also often called the Old Cemetery .

Tombs

In the cemetery on Caspar-Güttel-Straße there are a number of locally and regionally significant graves, some of which were only brought here later. Several epitaphs date from the 16th century, including that of the smelter Hans Stal the Elder. Ä. († 1541) in the ninth niche of the east wing is considered an important Renaissance sculpture in Central Germany. It was created by the sculptor Hans Schlegel . There are also tombstones of the Electoral Saxon supervisor Andreas Vogel and his wife Dorothea († 1671), the Electoral Saxon mining officer Christian Friedrich Döring († 1761, with mining representations) and the mountain councilor Johann Tölpe († 1800). The only surviving crypt is that of the Bucher family in the south wing, which was built in 1558 and repainted in 1910 and 1911. It has been restored several times since then.

In addition, other important grave monuments can be found in the open spaces, such as that of the Prussian mountain councilor Ludwig Plümicke , memorial stones for resistance fighters and Soviet soldiers and a crypt house for Andreas Vogel. In the year of the 300th anniversary of the Reformation, 1817, Karl Friedrich Schinkel arranged for some epitaph paintings to be recovered and brought to Martin Luther's birthplace , where they were shown in a museum. They were later brought to Luther's baptistery .

In addition, Müller's hereditary burial was built in 1907 according to plans by the architects Reinhard Knoch and Friedrich Kallmeyer, who created many buildings, especially in Halle.

Monuments

In the east wing of the Campo Santo complex there is a Prussian milestone ( 27 miles from Berlin ) , which was originally near Wimmelburg, but had to be replaced there by a copy. There is also a memorial in the cemetery north of the east wing that commemorates the victims of both world wars.

literature

  • List of monuments Saxony-Anhalt, Volume 16.1, District Mansfeld-Südharz (I), Altkreis Eisleben, prepared by Anja Tietz, Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg, ISBN 978-3-7319-0130-3 , p. 179.
  • Hilmar Burghardt: Restoration of milestones in Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia and Saxony , in: Das Meilenstein-Journal 23 (2003) 45, pp. 18–24.
  • Dehio-Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler, Saxony Anhalt II, administrative districts Dessau and Halle. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-422-03065-4 .
  • Manfred Schröter, Wernfried Fieber, Wolfgang Fredrich: Milestones on the B 80. Part 1: From (Halle-) Rollsdorf via Eisleben to Emseloh. In: Arbeitsmaterial (1999) 38, pp. 6-9.
  • Burkhard Zemlin: City Guide Lutherstadt Eisleben. Bindlach 1996.

Web links

Commons : Alter Friedhof (Eisleben)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ List of monuments of the state of Saxony-Anhalt (pdf) - answer of the state government to a small question for written answer (the MPs Olaf Meister and Prof. Dr. Claudia Dalbert; Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen) - printed matter 6/3905 from March 19, 2015 (KA 6/8670)
  2. ↑ Rudolf Sponsel: Luther und die Pest , Internet publication for general and integrative psychotherapy, ISSN 1430-6972, accessed on November 3, 2018.
  3. ↑ However, there are several cemeteries of this style from the 19th century, such as the old Südfriedhof in Munich, which is why common cultural guides - such as Dehio, p. 474 - limit this only to central Germany.
  4. ^ Zemlin, p. 116.
  5. ↑ Monument register, vol. 16.1, p. 87: Kronenfriedhof "According to current knowledge, it is the oldest surviving example of a Camposanto in Germany and an outstanding testimony to the Lutheran sepulchral culture."
  6. ↑ Monument Directory, Vol. 16.1, p. 86. The sign at the cemetery uses the phrase "Old cemetery with Kronenkirche."
  7. ^ Zemlin, p. 118.
  8. ↑ a b c Dehio, p. 474.
  9. ↑ Register of monuments, Vol. 16.1, pp. 86–87.
  10. ↑ Schröter / Fieber / Fredrich, 1999, p. 7; Burghardt, 2003, pp. 20-22.

Coordinates: 51 ° 32 ′ 1 "  N , 11 ° 32 ′ 54.4"  E